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基于硝化细菌与聚磷菌治理南昌内河水质的模拟研究

发布时间:2018-10-11 12:23
【摘要】:随着我国城市工业的快速发展以及面源污染的加重,城市内河流污染已经成为严重的污染问题,部分城市内河流甚至彻底沦为纳污河。如江西省省会城市南昌市内的主要内河流抚河故道和玉带河。因此,南昌内河水质处理工作显得尤为重要。在各种修复技术中,原位生物修复技术正广泛推行,由于直接投入菌株处理水体,菌体在河流中有易流失的缺点,从而大大的降低了混合菌对河流水质的处理效率,而固定化微生物技术能很好的解决该问题。本文通过对南昌市主要内河流抚河故道和玉带河的水质监测分析,并从中筛选出硝化细菌与聚磷菌,在硝化菌、亚硝化菌、聚磷菌菌株最佳配比的基础上选取较好的固定化载体固定优势菌株,同时研究其对模拟污水、实际内河流中氨氮、总磷的处理效果,得到如下结果:(1)2011年11月至2012年10月对南昌市主要内河流抚河故道、玉带河的五个断面进行监测,五个断面受污染较为严重,其中水体中的氨氮、总磷超标最为严重;(2)在实验室分离培养出的硝化菌XH3对亚硝酸盐氮的降解率最高达到100%,亚硝化菌YH3对氨氮的降解率达到82.75%,聚磷菌JP2对总磷的降解率达到58.57%,从而筛选出对水质处理效果较好的优势菌株;(3)通过对优势菌株XH3、YH3、JP2的DNA的提取、PCR扩增、DNA测序、序列比对以及系统发育树的构建,初步明确了三株优势菌株的分类学地位;(4)比较研究三种菌株配比下菌株对氨氮以及总磷的降解效果,发现菌株XH3、亚硝化菌YH3、聚磷菌JP2按照质量比1:1:1的比例时,对氨氮、总磷的降解率达85%、22.86%;(5)比较研究海藻酸钠+粉末活性炭固定法、PVA+添加剂固定法对模拟废水的处理效果,发现两种固定方法处理效果相近,两种固定化方法制作的固定化颗粒对氨氮、总磷的降解率在24h后均能达到99%以上,但在固定化载体性能比较上,PVA+添加剂固定颗粒的机械性能较好。采用PVA+添加剂固定法制作固定化颗粒在曝气的条件下,反应器中PVA+添加剂固定化颗粒在曝气24h后对南昌市模拟内河流中氨氮、总磷的降解效果分别能达到82.70%、79.27%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban industry and the aggravation of non-point source pollution, urban river pollution has become a serious pollution problem. For example, the capital city of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, the main internal rivers Fuhe Road and Yubanhe River. Therefore, Nanchang River water quality treatment is particularly important. Among all kinds of remediation technologies, in situ bioremediation technology is widely carried out. Because of direct use of bacteria to treat water, bacteria have the disadvantage of losing easily in rivers, which greatly reduces the efficiency of mixed bacteria in treating river water quality. Immobilized microorganism technology can solve this problem well. Through monitoring and analyzing the water quality of Fuhe River and Yubanhe River in Nanchang City, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria were selected. On the basis of the optimum proportion of Phosphorus bacteria strains, a better immobilized carrier was selected to fix the dominant strains, and the effect of the immobilized carrier on the treatment of simulated sewage, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the river was studied at the same time. The results are as follows: (1) from November 2011 to October 2012, five sections of Fuhe River in Nanchang City were monitored. (2) the highest degradation rate of nitrite nitrogen was obtained by nitrifying bacteria XH3 in laboratory, the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria YH3 reached 82.75, and the degradation rate of total phosphorus by JP2 reached 58.57. The dominant strains were selected for water quality treatment. (3) the DNA of XH3,YH3,JP2 was extracted, PCR amplified, and DNA sequenced. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, the taxonomic status of the three dominant strains was preliminarily determined. (4) the degradation effect of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of the three strains was compared and studied. It was found that the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 85 ~ 22.86 when the strain XH3, nitrite YH3, polyphosphorous bacteria JP2 was at 1:1:1. (5) the effect of sodium alginate powder activated carbon fixation method and PVA additive fixation method on the treatment of simulated wastewater was compared. It was found that the treatment effect of the two immobilization methods was similar. The degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of the immobilized particles made by the two immobilization methods could reach over 99% after 24 hours. But compared with the immobilized carrier, the mechanical properties of the immobilized particles with PVA additive are better. Under the condition of aeration, the immobilized particles made by PVA additive were immobilized in the reactor. After 24 hours of aeration, the immobilized particles of PVA additive could degrade ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the simulated river of Nanchang city, respectively, and the degradation effect of total phosphorus could reach 82.70g / 79.27.
【学位授予单位】:江西农业大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:X522;X172

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