上海市沉积物中多溴二苯醚和有机磷酸酯的污染特征研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 19:15
【摘要】：多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)是一种在环境中广泛存在的持久性有机污染物(POPs)。有机磷酸酯(OPEs)作为一种替代品阻燃剂不断向环境中扩散,环境介质中普遍存在PBDEs和OPEs的污染。本文对上海市河流和长江口的116个沉积物样品中的PBDEs和OPEs的污染水平、空间分布、组成特征、可能的污染源和潜在的生态风险进行了系统的研究,为PBDEs和OPEs的污染控制和治理提供科学依据,主要研究结果如下:1.上海河流和长江口沉积物中Σ51BDEs(不含BDE209)为0.205 119 ng g-1dw,平均浓度为7.19 ng g-1 dw;BDE209的浓度水平为nd 189 ng g-1 dw,平均浓度为13.2 ng g-1 dw。河流沉积物中相对含量最高的同系物为BDE118、207、208、99、49、75、47、71和209,其浓度中值分别为1.67、1.81、1.83、1.87、1.98、2.52、2.73、4.62和45.7 ng g-1 dw。长江口沉积物的Σ51BDEs(不含BDE209)为0.071 62.8 ng g-1 dw,平均浓度为4.90 ng g-1 dw;BDE209的浓度水平为nd 609 ng g-1 dw,平均浓度为17.0 ng g-1 dw。长江口沉积物样品中主要同类物是BDE15、47、71、75、99、118、207、208和209,其浓度中值分别为0.023、0.053、0.055、0.028、0.028、0.094、0.062、0.056和0.785 ng g-1 dw。河流沉积物的高浓度点集中分布在黄浦江;长江口沉积物的高浓度点集中分布于上游。2.利用对应分析把上海河流沉积物样品中PBDE同族体分为5类,利用主成分分析和聚类分析把长江口沉积物样品分为3类。上海河流和长江口沉积物中的PBDEs组成成分以BDE209为主,沉积物中PBDEs主要来源于工业品BDEs、燃烧源和高溴代二苯醚降解。3.上海河流沉积物中Σ11OPEs的含量为62 280 000 ng kg-1 dw。长江口沉积物Σ11OPEs的含量为216 87 500 ng kg-1 dw。组成特征分析表明,上海河流和长江口沉积物中以TBEP为主要污染物质,其次是TCEP。此外,烷基磷酸酯相对组成最高,其次是氯代磷酸酯,芳基磷酸酯含量最低。4.PBDEs及OPEs与TOC的相关性分析表明,上海河流样品中的TOC与Σ52BDEs的浓度显著相关(p0.05),PBDEs同族体与TOC之间存在弱相关性(r0.32),表明TOC对上海河流沉积物中的PBDEs的迁移和分布有一点影响。而长江口样品中的TOC与Σ52PBDEs的浓度无显著相关(p0.6),PBDEs同族体与TOC之间存在弱相关性(r0.18),表明TOC对上海河流沉积物中的PBDEs的迁移和分布有一点影响。上海河流样品中的TOC与Σ11OPEs的浓度显著相关(p0.01),除了TCP和TPP,其他OPEs与TOC之间显著相关(p0.05),长江口样品中的TOC与Σ11OPEs的浓度显著相关(p0.01),表明TOC是沉积物中的OPEs的迁移和分布的主要影响因素。5.根据加拿大环保局沉积物的标准(FSe QGs)计算PBDEs的风险商(RQ),结果表明PBDEs对沉积物中底栖动物有较高的生态风险。参考美国的Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments指导文件,采用风险商(RQ)评价沉积物中OPEs生态风险,37.3%的上海河流沉积物采样点的ΣRQs值在1.0-10之间。17.0%的长江口沉积物中采样点的ΣRQs值在1.0-10之间,表示存在较小潜在不利影响。
[Abstract]:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) is a widespread persistent organic pollutant (POPs).) in the environment. As a substitute for flame retardants, organophosphate (OPEs) has been continuously diffused into the environment, and the pollution of PBDEs and OPEs is widespread in the environmental media. In this paper, the pollution level, spatial distribution, composition, possible pollution sources and potential ecological risks of PBDEs and OPEs in 116 sediment samples from rivers and estuaries in Shanghai were systematically studied. To provide scientific basis for PBDEs and OPEs pollution control and control, the main results are as follows: 1. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary is 0.205 ng g -1 dw, and the average concentration is 7.19 ng g -1 dw;BDE209. The average ng g -1 dw, concentration is 13 2 ng g -1 dw.. The highest relative concentrations in river sediments were BDE118,207,208,99,49,75,47,71 and 209, the median concentration of which was 1.67N1.81C 1.83C 1.87U 1.98U 2.73C 4.62 and 45.7 ng g-1 dw., respectively. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) of sediments in Changjiang Estuary is 0.071 ~ 62.8 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 4.90 ng g ~ (-1) dw;BDE209 concentration level is nd ~ 609 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 17.0 ng g ~ (-1) dw.. The main congeners in sediment samples from the Changjiang Estuary are BDE15,47,71,75,99118207208 and 209, the median concentrations of which are 0.023, 0.053, 0.055, 0.028, 0.028, 0.094, 0.062, 0.056, and 0.785 ng g ~ (-1) dw., respectively. The high concentration point of river sediment is concentrated in Huangpu River, and the high concentration point of Yangtze River Estuary is concentrated in upstream. 2. The PBDE congeners in Shanghai river sediment samples are divided into five groups by correspondence analysis, and three types by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. BDE209 is the main component of PBDEs in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, and PBDEs in the sediments is mainly derived from commercial BDEs, combustion source and degradation of high brominated diphenyl ether (HBDE). The 危 11OPEs content in the sediments of rivers in Shanghai is 62 ~ 280,000 ng kg-1 dw.. The 危 11OPEs content in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary is 216,87500 ng kg-1 dw.. The composition analysis shows that TBEP is the main pollutant in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, followed by TCEP.. In addition, the relative composition of alkyl phosphate was the highest, followed by chlorophosphate, and the content of aryl phosphate was the lowest. The correlation analysis of 4.PBDEs, OPEs and TOC showed that, There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52BDEs in Shanghai river samples (p 0. 05), PBDEs congeners) and TOC (r 0. 32), indicating that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52PBDEs in the Changjiang Estuary (r 0.18), which indicated that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. There was a significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentration in Shanghai river samples (p0.01), significant correlation between OPEs and TOC in addition to TCP and TPP, (p0.05), and significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentrations in Changjiang Estuary (p0.01), indicating that TOC is the migration and distribution of OPEs in sediments. Main influencing factors. 5. The results of PBDEs risk quotient (RQ),) calculated according to the standard (FSe QGs) of sediment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency showed that PBDEs had a high ecological risk to benthic fauna in sediments. With reference to the Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments guidance document of the United States, risk quotient (RQ) was used to evaluate the ecological risk of OPEs in sediments. The 危 RQs values of 37.3% of the sampling sites of Shanghai river sediments ranged from 1.0-10. The 危 RQs values of the sampling sites in the Yangtze Estuary sediments ranged from 1.0-10 in 17.0% of the Yangtze Estuary sediments. Indicates a minor potential adverse effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
本文编号：2267295
[Abstract]:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) is a widespread persistent organic pollutant (POPs).) in the environment. As a substitute for flame retardants, organophosphate (OPEs) has been continuously diffused into the environment, and the pollution of PBDEs and OPEs is widespread in the environmental media. In this paper, the pollution level, spatial distribution, composition, possible pollution sources and potential ecological risks of PBDEs and OPEs in 116 sediment samples from rivers and estuaries in Shanghai were systematically studied. To provide scientific basis for PBDEs and OPEs pollution control and control, the main results are as follows: 1. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary is 0.205 ng g -1 dw, and the average concentration is 7.19 ng g -1 dw;BDE209. The average ng g -1 dw, concentration is 13 2 ng g -1 dw.. The highest relative concentrations in river sediments were BDE118,207,208,99,49,75,47,71 and 209, the median concentration of which was 1.67N1.81C 1.83C 1.87U 1.98U 2.73C 4.62 and 45.7 ng g-1 dw., respectively. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) of sediments in Changjiang Estuary is 0.071 ~ 62.8 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 4.90 ng g ~ (-1) dw;BDE209 concentration level is nd ~ 609 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 17.0 ng g ~ (-1) dw.. The main congeners in sediment samples from the Changjiang Estuary are BDE15,47,71,75,99118207208 and 209, the median concentrations of which are 0.023, 0.053, 0.055, 0.028, 0.028, 0.094, 0.062, 0.056, and 0.785 ng g ~ (-1) dw., respectively. The high concentration point of river sediment is concentrated in Huangpu River, and the high concentration point of Yangtze River Estuary is concentrated in upstream. 2. The PBDE congeners in Shanghai river sediment samples are divided into five groups by correspondence analysis, and three types by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. BDE209 is the main component of PBDEs in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, and PBDEs in the sediments is mainly derived from commercial BDEs, combustion source and degradation of high brominated diphenyl ether (HBDE). The 危 11OPEs content in the sediments of rivers in Shanghai is 62 ~ 280,000 ng kg-1 dw.. The 危 11OPEs content in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary is 216,87500 ng kg-1 dw.. The composition analysis shows that TBEP is the main pollutant in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, followed by TCEP.. In addition, the relative composition of alkyl phosphate was the highest, followed by chlorophosphate, and the content of aryl phosphate was the lowest. The correlation analysis of 4.PBDEs, OPEs and TOC showed that, There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52BDEs in Shanghai river samples (p 0. 05), PBDEs congeners) and TOC (r 0. 32), indicating that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52PBDEs in the Changjiang Estuary (r 0.18), which indicated that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. There was a significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentration in Shanghai river samples (p0.01), significant correlation between OPEs and TOC in addition to TCP and TPP, (p0.05), and significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentrations in Changjiang Estuary (p0.01), indicating that TOC is the migration and distribution of OPEs in sediments. Main influencing factors. 5. The results of PBDEs risk quotient (RQ),) calculated according to the standard (FSe QGs) of sediment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency showed that PBDEs had a high ecological risk to benthic fauna in sediments. With reference to the Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments guidance document of the United States, risk quotient (RQ) was used to evaluate the ecological risk of OPEs in sediments. The 危 RQs values of 37.3% of the sampling sites of Shanghai river sediments ranged from 1.0-10. The 危 RQs values of the sampling sites in the Yangtze Estuary sediments ranged from 1.0-10 in 17.0% of the Yangtze Estuary sediments. Indicates a minor potential adverse effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前5条
1 许红英;张俊杰;李红霞;;阻燃剂的研究现状及发展前景[J];材料导报;2006年12期
2 周冰;仇雁翎;;多溴联苯醚及其环境行为[J];环境科学与技术;2008年05期
3 张亮;廖海清;郭建阳;汤智;郭飞;吴丰昌;孙文春;;成渝经济区河流表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征[J];环境科学研究;2011年08期
4 李昆;赵高峰;周怀东;刘晓茹;余丽琴;文武;张盼伟;;三峡库区主要支流表层沉积物多溴联苯醚的分布特征[J];环境科学;2013年06期
5 于立娟;孙鹏;李广义;马西忠;吕会霞;;阻燃剂的研究进展[J];上海塑料;2013年03期
，本文编号：2267295
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/huanjinggongchenglunwen/2267295.html
最近更新
教材专著
