典型化工废水及其受纳水体的毒性研究
发布时间：2018-11-02 12:39
【摘要】：辽河流域化工和石化企业众多、大多沿河分布,相关工业废水的排放对受纳水体生态环境及人群健康具有潜在的危害。废水中存在多种污染物,会形成复合污染,产生联合毒性。常规理化指标检测往往不能准确反映出废水的综合生物毒性效应。因此在控制废水中主要污染物浓度的同时,还需注重开发有效的毒性评价方式、以及后续的毒性管理和毒性削减。本研究以辽河流域代表性大型石化企业及特种化工企业排放的腈纶废水和炸药废水为研究对象,利用4个营养级别水生生物,包括细菌(明亮发光杆菌)、浮游植物(斜生栅藻)、浮游动物(大型蚤)和鱼类(斑马鱼)进行一般毒性测试,并采用斑马鱼肝细胞彗星尾矩表征废水遗传毒性。两种化工废水对水生生物具有不同程度的一般毒性和遗传毒性。腈纶废水对发光细菌、藻类表现为低毒,对大型蚤和斑马鱼的急性毒性单位(Toxicity Units, TU)分别为1.4和2.9,经厌氧-好氧工艺处理后分别降至0和0.5；两种炸药废水处理前对发光细菌、斜生栅藻、大型蚤、斑马鱼均具有较强的急性毒性,其中三硝基甲苯产品废水的TU值介于256-1429,二硝基甲苯产品废水的TU值则为17.2至71.4。腈纶废水和炸药废水对斑马鱼肝细胞造成DNA损伤作用,经处理后遗传毒性仍显著高于阴性对照组。理化指标与毒性指标相关性分析表明,腈纶废水化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD)与毒性无显著相关性,氨氮与毒性则显著相关,氨氮可能是此类废水毒性的重要致毒因子之一；炸药废水COD、氨氮与急性毒性显著相关,但与遗传毒性无显著相关性。本研究对辽河流域化工废水受纳水体的水质也进行了生物毒性评价。以斑马鱼、麦穗鱼为受试生物,采用彗星试验检测东洲河-浑河、太子河流域地表水的遗传毒性,并对暴露于受纳水体的鱼肝脏氧化损伤程度进行测试。结果表明采样点水样均未对鱼类产生致死效应,且浑河上游大伙房水库及东洲河上游水体对鱼类肝细胞无显著遗传毒性和氧化损伤作用。东洲河中下游、太子河辽阳段水体对斑马鱼、麦穗鱼的DNA损伤程度显著高于对照组。同时,斑马鱼、麦穗鱼肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽转硫酶、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽等标志物浓度发生变化,表明该地表水导致鱼类氧化胁迫加重,可能是造成DNA损伤的重要原因。本研究结果可为废水毒性削减技术的优化和建立综合废水毒性管理的相关法律法规提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:There are many chemical and petrochemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin, most of them are distributed along the river. The discharge of industrial wastewater has potential harm to the ecological environment of the receiving water body and the health of the population. There are many kinds of pollutants in wastewater, which will form compound pollution and produce joint toxicity. The conventional physical and chemical indicators often can not accurately reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity of wastewater. Therefore, in order to control the concentration of major pollutants in wastewater, we should also pay attention to the development of effective toxicity evaluation methods, as well as the subsequent toxicity management and toxicity reduction. In this study, acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater from large petrochemical and special chemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin were used as research objects, and four aquatic organisms of nutrient grade, including bacteria (luminescent bacillus), were used. Phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (Daphnia macrophylla) and fish (zebrafish) were tested for general toxicity, and zebrafish hepatocyte comet tail moment was used to characterize the genotoxicity of wastewater. The two kinds of chemical wastewater have different degrees of general toxicity and genetic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The acrylonitrile wastewater was low toxic to luminescent bacteria and algae. The (Toxicity Units, TU) of acute toxicity to fleas and zebrafish was 1.4 and 2.9, respectively, and decreased to 0 and 0.5 after anaerobic aerobic treatment. The two kinds of explosive wastewater had strong acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria, S. obliquus, Daphnia Magna and zebrafish before treatment. The TU value of the wastewater from the products of trinitrotoluene ranged from 256-1429. The TU values of dinitrotoluene wastewater were 17.2-71.4. Acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater caused DNA damage to zebrafish hepatocytes, and the genotoxicity was still significantly higher than that of negative control group. The correlation analysis of physicochemical index and toxicity index showed that the chemical oxygen demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) of acrylic fiber wastewater had no significant correlation with toxicity, while ammonia nitrogen had significant correlation with toxicity. Ammonia nitrogen may be one of the important toxic factors of this kind of wastewater. COD, ammonia nitrogen in explosive wastewater was significantly correlated with acute toxicity, but not with genotoxicity. In this study, the biological toxicity of chemical wastewater in Liaohe River Basin was evaluated. The genotoxicity of surface water in Dongzhou River Hunhe River and Taixing River basin was detected by comet assay with zebrafish and wheat spike fish as the tested organisms and the degree of oxidative damage to the liver of fish exposed to water was tested. The results showed that no lethal effect on fish was found in the water samples, and there was no significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to fish hepatocytes in Dahuofang Reservoir and Dongzhou River upstream of Hunhe River. In the middle and lower reaches of Dongzhou River, the damage degree of DNA to zebrafish and wheat spike fish in Liaoyang section of princeling river was significantly higher than that in control group. At the same time, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde and glutathione in liver of zebrafish and wheat spike fish were changed, which indicated that the surface water resulted in increased oxidative stress of fish. It may be an important cause of DNA damage. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for optimization of wastewater toxicity reduction technology and establishment of relevant laws and regulations for comprehensive wastewater toxicity management.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X78;X52
本文编号：2306036
[Abstract]:There are many chemical and petrochemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin, most of them are distributed along the river. The discharge of industrial wastewater has potential harm to the ecological environment of the receiving water body and the health of the population. There are many kinds of pollutants in wastewater, which will form compound pollution and produce joint toxicity. The conventional physical and chemical indicators often can not accurately reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity of wastewater. Therefore, in order to control the concentration of major pollutants in wastewater, we should also pay attention to the development of effective toxicity evaluation methods, as well as the subsequent toxicity management and toxicity reduction. In this study, acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater from large petrochemical and special chemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin were used as research objects, and four aquatic organisms of nutrient grade, including bacteria (luminescent bacillus), were used. Phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (Daphnia macrophylla) and fish (zebrafish) were tested for general toxicity, and zebrafish hepatocyte comet tail moment was used to characterize the genotoxicity of wastewater. The two kinds of chemical wastewater have different degrees of general toxicity and genetic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The acrylonitrile wastewater was low toxic to luminescent bacteria and algae. The (Toxicity Units, TU) of acute toxicity to fleas and zebrafish was 1.4 and 2.9, respectively, and decreased to 0 and 0.5 after anaerobic aerobic treatment. The two kinds of explosive wastewater had strong acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria, S. obliquus, Daphnia Magna and zebrafish before treatment. The TU value of the wastewater from the products of trinitrotoluene ranged from 256-1429. The TU values of dinitrotoluene wastewater were 17.2-71.4. Acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater caused DNA damage to zebrafish hepatocytes, and the genotoxicity was still significantly higher than that of negative control group. The correlation analysis of physicochemical index and toxicity index showed that the chemical oxygen demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) of acrylic fiber wastewater had no significant correlation with toxicity, while ammonia nitrogen had significant correlation with toxicity. Ammonia nitrogen may be one of the important toxic factors of this kind of wastewater. COD, ammonia nitrogen in explosive wastewater was significantly correlated with acute toxicity, but not with genotoxicity. In this study, the biological toxicity of chemical wastewater in Liaohe River Basin was evaluated. The genotoxicity of surface water in Dongzhou River Hunhe River and Taixing River basin was detected by comet assay with zebrafish and wheat spike fish as the tested organisms and the degree of oxidative damage to the liver of fish exposed to water was tested. The results showed that no lethal effect on fish was found in the water samples, and there was no significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to fish hepatocytes in Dahuofang Reservoir and Dongzhou River upstream of Hunhe River. In the middle and lower reaches of Dongzhou River, the damage degree of DNA to zebrafish and wheat spike fish in Liaoyang section of princeling river was significantly higher than that in control group. At the same time, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde and glutathione in liver of zebrafish and wheat spike fish were changed, which indicated that the surface water resulted in increased oxidative stress of fish. It may be an important cause of DNA damage. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for optimization of wastewater toxicity reduction technology and establishment of relevant laws and regulations for comprehensive wastewater toxicity management.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X78;X52
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