黄河冲积平原区水库地下水环境影响分析
发布时间：2018-11-03 08:12
【摘要】：山东省的平原水库多建于黄河冲积平原区,这些区域往往水资源匮乏,地下水水质较差。平原水库一般选择在区域上地势相对低洼处,这些区域地下水位埋深浅。水库建成蓄水后,一般不会对地下水水质产生较大不利影响。但库水渗漏将造成水库附近地下水流场产生变化,并且由此可能造成土壤盐渍化以及浸没等环境水文地质现象。因此在黄河冲积平原区水文地质条件下进行平原水库地下水环境影响评价研究和探索工作意义重大。课题依托的博兴水库是一座典型的黄河冲积平原区的水库,通过分析平原区水库工程特性、水文地质特性、生态环境特点等,并有针对性的选择收集资料、现场监测、环境水文地质试验、数值模型等研究方法,研究和分析黄河冲积平原区水库全寿命周期(建设期、服务期、服务期后)对地下水文环境的影响,提出地下水环境保护的措施和策略。主要研究结论如下：1、黄河冲积平原区水库,一般地形平坦低洼,地下水埋深较浅。水库蓄水位一般高出地面,远高于附近地下水位。2、工程区受影响地层主要为黄河冲积沉积的第四系松散堆积地层,岩性主要为粘土、壤土、砂壤土、粉砂,受其颗粒组成及裂隙、孔隙结构影响,其一般具中等透水性,地下水力联系密切。3、受影响含水层主要为浅部潜水含水层,部分地区矿化度较高,为咸水,如本课题依托的博兴水文库。工程区地下水与地表水联系较密切,主要通过地表水系向下游排泄。4、地下水环境的主要因素是建设期施工废水与施工作业人员生活污水以及运行期水库渗漏。5、建设期施工废水与施工作业人员生活污水对地下水环境的不利影响主要是污染地下水质,但其周期短、水量小,较易防范与处理。6、根据预测成果分析,水库运行后由于水库渗漏造成水库周边地下水水位抬升,总体显示为距水库越近地下水位抬升越高,距离越远地下水位抬升越小。依托的博兴水库正常工况下,水库渗漏对地下水水位的影响较小,不会产生周边浸没及次生土壤盐渍化问题。事故工况即防渗措施失效工况下,博兴水库渗漏对周边地下水水位产生一定程度的影响,南侧、东侧坝外100m范围内可能造成浸没及次生土壤盐渍化问题。黄河冲积平原区水库采取防渗、坝后截渗沟等工程措施是必要的。7、平原区水库服务期满后,通过排水建筑物全部正常排泄,一般不会对地下水环境造成影响。8、建设期施工废水及施工人员生活污水建议统一收集,进行隔油、沉淀等措施后回用或处理后达标排放。9、应加强工程管理和运行期地下水位监测,防止事故工况的发生,发现防渗措施失效,及时采取处理措施。
[Abstract]:The plain reservoirs in Shandong Province are mostly built in the Yellow River alluvial plain areas, which are often short of water resources and poor in groundwater quality. Plain reservoirs are generally located in relatively low-lying areas, where the groundwater table is shallow. After the reservoir is built and impounded, the groundwater quality will not be adversely affected. However, the leakage of reservoir water will cause changes in groundwater flow field near the reservoir, and may lead to environmental hydrogeological phenomena such as soil salinization and immersion. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and explore the groundwater environmental impact assessment of the plain reservoir under the hydrogeological conditions in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The Boxing Reservoir, which is based on the subject, is a typical reservoir in the Yellow River alluvial plain area. By analyzing the engineering characteristics, hydrogeological characteristics and ecological environment characteristics of the reservoir in the plain area, and selecting the relevant data to collect the data and monitor the field, Environmental hydrogeological tests, numerical models and other research methods are used to study and analyze the effect of reservoir life cycle (construction period, service period) on groundwater environment in the Yellow River alluvial plain area. The measures and strategies of groundwater environmental protection are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The reservoir in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River is flat and low-lying, and the groundwater is shallow. The reservoir water level is generally higher than the ground level, which is far higher than the nearby groundwater level. 2. The affected strata in the engineering area are mainly the Quaternary loose accumulation strata of the Yellow River alluvial deposition, and the lithology is mainly clay, loam, sandy loam, silt. Affected by its particle composition and fissure and pore structure, it is generally of medium permeability and closely related to groundwater force. 3. The affected aquifer is mainly shallow phreatic aquifer, and the salinity of some areas is relatively high, which is salt water. Such as this subject relies on the Bo Xing water library. Groundwater and surface water in the engineering area are closely related, mainly discharged downstream through surface water system. 4. The main factors of groundwater environment are construction wastewater during construction period, domestic sewage of construction workers and reservoir leakage during operation period. The main adverse effects of construction wastewater and domestic sewage on groundwater environment during construction period are pollution of underground water quality, but the period is short, the quantity of water is small, and it is easy to prevent and treat. 6. After the operation of the reservoir, the groundwater level around the reservoir is raised due to the leakage of the reservoir, which shows that the closer the groundwater level is to the reservoir, the higher the groundwater level is, and the smaller the groundwater level uplift is. Under the normal working condition, the leakage of the reservoir has little influence on the groundwater level and will not cause the secondary soil salinization. The leakage of Boxing reservoir has a certain degree of influence on the groundwater level in the surrounding area under the failure condition of the accident condition namely the anti-seepage measures. In the south side and outside the east side of the dam within 100 m range may cause the problem of submergence and secondary soil salinization. It is necessary for reservoirs in the Yellow River alluvial plain area to take such engineering measures as preventing seepage and cutting off seepage ditches behind dams. 7. When the service period of reservoirs in plain areas is over, all the drainage structures will normally discharge through the water, and generally it will not affect the groundwater environment. In the construction period, the construction wastewater and the domestic sewage of the construction personnel should be collected in a unified way, used or discharged to the standard after the measures such as oil separation and sedimentation. 9. The project management and the monitoring of the underground water level during the operation period should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of the accident condition. Discover the failure of anti-seepage measures and take timely measures to deal with them.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8;X824
本文编号：2307218
[Abstract]:The plain reservoirs in Shandong Province are mostly built in the Yellow River alluvial plain areas, which are often short of water resources and poor in groundwater quality. Plain reservoirs are generally located in relatively low-lying areas, where the groundwater table is shallow. After the reservoir is built and impounded, the groundwater quality will not be adversely affected. However, the leakage of reservoir water will cause changes in groundwater flow field near the reservoir, and may lead to environmental hydrogeological phenomena such as soil salinization and immersion. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and explore the groundwater environmental impact assessment of the plain reservoir under the hydrogeological conditions in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The Boxing Reservoir, which is based on the subject, is a typical reservoir in the Yellow River alluvial plain area. By analyzing the engineering characteristics, hydrogeological characteristics and ecological environment characteristics of the reservoir in the plain area, and selecting the relevant data to collect the data and monitor the field, Environmental hydrogeological tests, numerical models and other research methods are used to study and analyze the effect of reservoir life cycle (construction period, service period) on groundwater environment in the Yellow River alluvial plain area. The measures and strategies of groundwater environmental protection are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The reservoir in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River is flat and low-lying, and the groundwater is shallow. The reservoir water level is generally higher than the ground level, which is far higher than the nearby groundwater level. 2. The affected strata in the engineering area are mainly the Quaternary loose accumulation strata of the Yellow River alluvial deposition, and the lithology is mainly clay, loam, sandy loam, silt. Affected by its particle composition and fissure and pore structure, it is generally of medium permeability and closely related to groundwater force. 3. The affected aquifer is mainly shallow phreatic aquifer, and the salinity of some areas is relatively high, which is salt water. Such as this subject relies on the Bo Xing water library. Groundwater and surface water in the engineering area are closely related, mainly discharged downstream through surface water system. 4. The main factors of groundwater environment are construction wastewater during construction period, domestic sewage of construction workers and reservoir leakage during operation period. The main adverse effects of construction wastewater and domestic sewage on groundwater environment during construction period are pollution of underground water quality, but the period is short, the quantity of water is small, and it is easy to prevent and treat. 6. After the operation of the reservoir, the groundwater level around the reservoir is raised due to the leakage of the reservoir, which shows that the closer the groundwater level is to the reservoir, the higher the groundwater level is, and the smaller the groundwater level uplift is. Under the normal working condition, the leakage of the reservoir has little influence on the groundwater level and will not cause the secondary soil salinization. The leakage of Boxing reservoir has a certain degree of influence on the groundwater level in the surrounding area under the failure condition of the accident condition namely the anti-seepage measures. In the south side and outside the east side of the dam within 100 m range may cause the problem of submergence and secondary soil salinization. It is necessary for reservoirs in the Yellow River alluvial plain area to take such engineering measures as preventing seepage and cutting off seepage ditches behind dams. 7. When the service period of reservoirs in plain areas is over, all the drainage structures will normally discharge through the water, and generally it will not affect the groundwater environment. In the construction period, the construction wastewater and the domestic sewage of the construction personnel should be collected in a unified way, used or discharged to the standard after the measures such as oil separation and sedimentation. 9. The project management and the monitoring of the underground water level during the operation period should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of the accident condition. Discover the failure of anti-seepage measures and take timely measures to deal with them.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8;X824
【共引文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
1 程素珍;许尚杰;杜滨;从容;;黄河浑水特性及泥沙防渗性试验研究[J];水利与建筑工程学报;2011年04期
2 申治鑫;周金龙;杨广焱;;内陆干旱区平原水库周边生态环境研究综述[J];地下水;2013年01期
3 罗敏;朱剑波;任蕊;;大渡河某平原型水电站工程对地下水影响的数值模拟分析[J];成都理工大学学报(自然科学版);2013年04期
4 张芳;韦玉婷;罗敏;;水利工程建设对地下水影响的数值模拟分析[J];地下水;2014年05期
，本文编号：2307218
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