山地城市封闭水体水环境容量研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 16:12
【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,城市化、工业化和农业现代化的推进,水量匮乏和水体污染已成为不可忽略的问题。山地湖库具有封闭性较强、水流迟缓,换水周期较长、自净能力低,更是面临着水质急剧恶化、水生态功能退化等挑战。以浓度控制为主的传统水环境管理技术已不能满足要求,必须向以水环境容量为基础的总量控制发展。与大型平原湖库不同,山地城市湖库具有水域面积有限、水体深、湖湾较多、湖底地形坡度大、受自然地形地貌影响具有面源污染初期效应突出等特点,不能直接套用水环境容量的计算方法。本文以典型山地城市封闭水体—龙景湖为例,根据山地湖库水文水质特征,结合模拟分析和数学分析,研究了龙景湖水环境容量的变迁,为龙景湖水质保持和水环境治理提供科学依据,也为山地湖库水环境容量的计算提供借鉴。论文主要研究内容如下:对龙景湖污染源和入湖污染负荷进行了调查和分析,采用FCWQA模型、综合营养状态指数和单因子评价法对龙景湖水质进行了分区评价。龙景湖主要污染负荷来自上游来水和园区内面源污染。水质处于Ⅲ类~Ⅳ类,基本处于轻度富营养化,部分月份为中度或重度富营养化。水质季节性变化显著,分区水质差异较大,主要污染指标为COD、TN和TP。根据龙景湖的自然地理特征,将龙景湖划分11个计算单元,选用有机物模型计算COD稳态水环境容量,选用狄龙模型计算湖心区和河道部分TN、TP稳态水环境容量,采用合田健模型计算卧龙石库湾、江南园林库湾、北方园林库湾、西部园林库湾的稳态水环境容量,计算得到龙景湖水环境容量COD 678.71 t/a,TN25.471 t/a,TP 1.853 t/a。龙景湖库湾水动力条件较差,采用解析公式法求解的稳态水环境容量准确性值得商讨,采用龙景湖EFDC三维水动力水质模型建立污染负荷—水质响应关系,采用线性叠加及分担率场计算龙景湖6个库湾四个季节的动态水环境容量,对库湾的稳态水环境容量进行修正,修正后龙景湖全年水环境容量:COD 709.654 t/a,TN 28.128 t/a,TP 2.065 t/a。水环境容量计算结果表明,龙景湖水环境容量四季差异显著,水环境容量夏季最大,冬季最小,各计算单元水环境容量差别较大,湖心区水环境容量最大,库湾区水环境容量值较小,西部园林库湾水环境容量最小。对比分析龙景湖全湖和各分区的水环境容量和入湖污染负荷,分季节计算各重点控制单元的剩余水环境容量和污染物削减量,龙景湖全湖COD和TN水环境容量均有剩余,TP削减量为1.767 t/a。对各重点控制单元污染物削减计算,发现各控制单元COD均有剩余容量,TN一般在冬季需要削减,TP全年需要削减,TP属于重点控制指标。西部园林库湾、江南园林库湾TN、TP剩余容量较小,需要着重控制。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, water shortage and water pollution have become problems that can not be ignored. Mountain lakes and reservoirs have strong closure, slow water flow, long water exchange period, low self-purification ability, and are faced with the challenges of rapid deterioration of water quality and degradation of water ecological function. The traditional water environment management technology based on concentration control can not meet the requirement, and must be developed to the total quantity control based on the water environment capacity. Different from large plain lakes and reservoirs, mountainous city lakes and reservoirs have the characteristics of limited water area, deep water body, more lake bay, large slope of lake bottom topography and obvious initial effect of non-point source pollution due to the influence of natural topography and geomorphology. The calculation method of water environmental capacity cannot be directly applied. Taking Longjing Lake, a closed water body in typical mountainous cities, as an example, according to the characteristics of hydrology and water quality of mountain lake reservoir, combined with simulation analysis and mathematical analysis, the changes of water environmental capacity of Longjing Lake are studied. It provides scientific basis for water quality maintenance and water environment control of Longjing Lake, and also provides reference for the calculation of water environment capacity of mountain lake reservoir. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the pollution sources of Longjing Lake and the pollution load into the lake were investigated and analyzed. The water quality of Longjing Lake was evaluated by using FCWQA model, comprehensive nutrition state index and single factor evaluation method. The main pollution load of Longjing Lake comes from upstream water and non-point source pollution. The water quality is in class 鈪，
本文编号：2327555
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, water shortage and water pollution have become problems that can not be ignored. Mountain lakes and reservoirs have strong closure, slow water flow, long water exchange period, low self-purification ability, and are faced with the challenges of rapid deterioration of water quality and degradation of water ecological function. The traditional water environment management technology based on concentration control can not meet the requirement, and must be developed to the total quantity control based on the water environment capacity. Different from large plain lakes and reservoirs, mountainous city lakes and reservoirs have the characteristics of limited water area, deep water body, more lake bay, large slope of lake bottom topography and obvious initial effect of non-point source pollution due to the influence of natural topography and geomorphology. The calculation method of water environmental capacity cannot be directly applied. Taking Longjing Lake, a closed water body in typical mountainous cities, as an example, according to the characteristics of hydrology and water quality of mountain lake reservoir, combined with simulation analysis and mathematical analysis, the changes of water environmental capacity of Longjing Lake are studied. It provides scientific basis for water quality maintenance and water environment control of Longjing Lake, and also provides reference for the calculation of water environment capacity of mountain lake reservoir. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the pollution sources of Longjing Lake and the pollution load into the lake were investigated and analyzed. The water quality of Longjing Lake was evaluated by using FCWQA model, comprehensive nutrition state index and single factor evaluation method. The main pollution load of Longjing Lake comes from upstream water and non-point source pollution. The water quality is in class 鈪，
本文编号：2327555
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