污泥有机肥的规模化生产工艺研究与应用
发布时间：2018-11-16 14:13
【摘要】：随着城市人口和污水处理率的的增加,污水处理污泥量也在迅速增长,污泥处理与处置已经成为各大中城市当前面临的最大环境问题之一。近年来,各大城市园林绿化面积的增加,园林绿化和育苗对于肥料的需求量也在逐年增加,城市污泥养分具有制备园林绿化肥的先天优势。本试验通过对西安市第五、第六、第八、第十污水处理厂污泥的基本性质、污泥的堆肥工艺及小白菜和园林植物的种植试验,以期为西安市污水处理厂的污泥寻求一条合理的处理处置途径。试验结果表明:(1)西安市四座污水处理厂的污泥含水率平均值为77.38%;EC值平均为2.67mS/cm,比土壤高一个数量级;pH偏碱性,平均为8.54;四座污水处理厂污泥的总养分(全N+P2O5+K2O)含量符合我国有机肥标准,可与传统有机肥相媲美;重金属含量除第八污水处理厂外,均不超过我国园林绿化标准,但超过有机肥标准,需对其进行无害化处理。(2)在堆肥试验中,分别设置了污泥:烟末(体积比)=1:1,污泥:烟末(体积比)=2:1,污泥:烟末:牛粪(体积比)=1:1:1三个处理,经堆肥后,各处理含水率、pH、有机质均符合我国有机肥标准;总养分(全N+P2O5+K2O)含量分别为6.47%、6.42%,5.39%,符合我国有机肥标准(总养分含量5%);堆肥后肥料成品的重金属含量与原污泥相比均有不同程度的降低;综合各处理N、P、K以及重金属含量等指标,污泥:牛粪:烟末(体积比)=1:1:1处理的堆肥效果显著优于其它处理。(3)小白菜种植试验时,施肥量小于5%时,小白菜的株高和鲜重随污泥肥施用量的增加而增加,施肥量大于5%时,呈下降趋势。当施肥量为40%时,小白菜生长受到显著抑制作用;小白菜地上部Cd和Pb含量在0%~40%的施肥范围内均不超过国家食品安全标准,小白菜Cr含量在施肥量小于5%时,不超过我国食品安全标准,当施肥量大于5%时,含量超标;小白菜种植后土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量随着施肥量的增加而增加,均在40%施肥处理达到最大值分别为33.41mg·kg-1、194.55 mg·kg-1、20.56mg·kg-1、0.55mg·kg-1、40.74 mg·kg-1。(4)在园林植物种植试验中,当红楼的施肥量为2.5kg/棵时,其株高、基径、冠幅分别为172.33cm、2.70cm、71.53cm,比CK高1.77%、21.62%、1.88%;当红叶李的施肥量为1kg/棵时,其株高、基径、冠幅分别为331.33cm、2.23cm、99.40cm,比CK高7.69%、2.76%、7.70%;在0kg/棵~3kg/棵的施肥范围内,李桃随着施肥量的增加,其株高、基径、冠幅呈上升趋势。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and sewage treatment rate, the amount of sewage sludge is also increasing rapidly. Sludge treatment and disposal has become one of the biggest environmental problems faced by large and medium-sized cities. In recent years, with the increase of landscaping area in major cities, the demand for fertilizer for garden greening and seedling raising is also increasing year by year. The nutrient of municipal sludge has the innate advantage of producing garden greening fertilizer. The basic properties of sludge, composting process of sludge and planting of pakchoi and garden plants in the fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth sewage treatment plants of Xi'an were studied. In order to find a reasonable treatment and disposal way for sewage sludge treatment plant in Xi'an. The results show that: (1) the average value of sludge moisture content in four sewage treatment plants in Xi'an is 77.38 cm, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of soil, the average value of EC is 2.67 m 路s / cm, and the average value of pH is 8.54 m / cm. The total nutrient (total N P2O5 K2O) content of sludge in four sewage treatment plants accords with the standard of organic fertilizer in China and can be compared with the traditional organic fertilizer. Except for the eighth sewage treatment plant, the heavy metal content did not exceed the standard of garden greening in our country, but exceeded the standard of organic fertilizer. (2) in the composting experiment, sludge was set up: the volume ratio of smoke and smoke was 1: 1, Sludge: fume (volume ratio) = 2: 1, sludge: fume: cow dung (volume ratio) = 1:1:1. After composting, the moisture content and pH, organic matter of each treatment accord with the organic fertilizer standard of our country. The total nutrient content (total N P2O5 K2O) was 6.47 ~ 6.42 and 5.39, which met the standard of organic fertilizer in China (total nutrient content was 5%), and the heavy metal content of compost fertilizer product was lower than that of raw sludge to some extent. The composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. (3) when the amount of fertilizer was less than 5% in the experiment of pakchoi cultivation, the composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. The plant height and fresh weight of pakchoi increased with the application of sludge fertilizer. The growth of pakchoi was significantly inhibited when the amount of fertilizer was 40. The contents of Cd and Pb in the aboveground part of pakchoi do not exceed the national food safety standard in the range of 40% fertilization. The content of Cr in pakchoi does not exceed the food safety standard of our country when the amount of fertilizer is less than 5%, and when the amount of fertilizer is greater than 5%, the content of Cr does not exceed the food safety standard of our country. The content exceeds the standard; The content of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr in the soil increased with the increase of fertilization rate after pakchoi cultivation. The maximum value of 40% fertilization was 33.41mg kg-1194.55 mg kg-1,20.56mg kg-1,0.55mg kg-1,40.74 mg kg-1. (4) in the experiment of garden plant planting. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of Honglou were 172.33 cm ~ 2.70 cm ~ (-1) ~ 71.53 cm, which were 1.77 ~ 21.62 cm and 1.88 cm higher than that of CK. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of red leaf plum were 331.33 cm ~ 2.23 cm ~ (23) cm ~ (99.40) cm, 7.6969 cm ~ (2.76) cm higher than that of CK, 2.76 cm ~ 7.70 cm higher than that of CK. In the range of fertilization from 0kg/ to 3kg/, the plant height, basal diameter and crown width of plum peach increased with the increase of fertilization amount.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703
本文编号：2335731
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and sewage treatment rate, the amount of sewage sludge is also increasing rapidly. Sludge treatment and disposal has become one of the biggest environmental problems faced by large and medium-sized cities. In recent years, with the increase of landscaping area in major cities, the demand for fertilizer for garden greening and seedling raising is also increasing year by year. The nutrient of municipal sludge has the innate advantage of producing garden greening fertilizer. The basic properties of sludge, composting process of sludge and planting of pakchoi and garden plants in the fifth, sixth, eighth and tenth sewage treatment plants of Xi'an were studied. In order to find a reasonable treatment and disposal way for sewage sludge treatment plant in Xi'an. The results show that: (1) the average value of sludge moisture content in four sewage treatment plants in Xi'an is 77.38 cm, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of soil, the average value of EC is 2.67 m 路s / cm, and the average value of pH is 8.54 m / cm. The total nutrient (total N P2O5 K2O) content of sludge in four sewage treatment plants accords with the standard of organic fertilizer in China and can be compared with the traditional organic fertilizer. Except for the eighth sewage treatment plant, the heavy metal content did not exceed the standard of garden greening in our country, but exceeded the standard of organic fertilizer. (2) in the composting experiment, sludge was set up: the volume ratio of smoke and smoke was 1: 1, Sludge: fume (volume ratio) = 2: 1, sludge: fume: cow dung (volume ratio) = 1:1:1. After composting, the moisture content and pH, organic matter of each treatment accord with the organic fertilizer standard of our country. The total nutrient content (total N P2O5 K2O) was 6.47 ~ 6.42 and 5.39, which met the standard of organic fertilizer in China (total nutrient content was 5%), and the heavy metal content of compost fertilizer product was lower than that of raw sludge to some extent. The composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. (3) when the amount of fertilizer was less than 5% in the experiment of pakchoi cultivation, the composting effect of sludge: cow dung: tobacco powder (volume ratio) = 1:1:1 was significantly better than that of other treatments. The plant height and fresh weight of pakchoi increased with the application of sludge fertilizer. The growth of pakchoi was significantly inhibited when the amount of fertilizer was 40. The contents of Cd and Pb in the aboveground part of pakchoi do not exceed the national food safety standard in the range of 40% fertilization. The content of Cr in pakchoi does not exceed the food safety standard of our country when the amount of fertilizer is less than 5%, and when the amount of fertilizer is greater than 5%, the content of Cr does not exceed the food safety standard of our country. The content exceeds the standard; The content of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr in the soil increased with the increase of fertilization rate after pakchoi cultivation. The maximum value of 40% fertilization was 33.41mg kg-1194.55 mg kg-1,20.56mg kg-1,0.55mg kg-1,40.74 mg kg-1. (4) in the experiment of garden plant planting. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of Honglou were 172.33 cm ~ 2.70 cm ~ (-1) ~ 71.53 cm, which were 1.77 ~ 21.62 cm and 1.88 cm higher than that of CK. The plant height, basal diameter and crown width of red leaf plum were 331.33 cm ~ 2.23 cm ~ (23) cm ~ (99.40) cm, 7.6969 cm ~ (2.76) cm higher than that of CK, 2.76 cm ~ 7.70 cm higher than that of CK. In the range of fertilization from 0kg/ to 3kg/, the plant height, basal diameter and crown width of plum peach increased with the increase of fertilization amount.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 赵丽君,杨意东,胡振苓;城市污泥堆肥技术研究[J];中国给水排水;1999年09期
，本文编号：2335731
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