重金属污染耕地风险评价系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-11-16 14:34

【摘要】：土壤环境作为整个环境系统的重要组成部分,也是人类赖以生存的基本要素之一。但随着我国工业化和城市化的进程加快,土壤环境所受人类活动的影响也越来越大,土壤环境遭到了严重的污染和破坏。耕地土壤作为土壤中的一种土壤类型也受到了人类活动的影响,在矿区及周围地区,来自于矿区活动的污染使耕地土壤环境质量受到了严重的破坏。矿区耕地土壤所受污染主要是重金属污染,其潜伏性、隐蔽性以及难于治理等特点,从而使耕地土壤极易造成严重污染,更严重的是重金属被农作物吸附累积并通过食物链进入人类身体,威胁人类健康。因此,借助地理信息系统技术并结合专业环境理论基础设计和开发重金属污染耕地农业利用风险评价和控制系统,对于矿区耕地土壤重金属污染的评价与污染控制与治理有着极其重要的意义。本文研究土壤重金属污染研究中常用的评价模型和方法,在此基础上采用本系统所需的土壤污染评价模型,包括单因子指数评价法、内梅罗综合污染指数评价法、潜在生态风险指数法等,并根据矿区耕地土壤性质的实际,提出基于层次分析法的土壤重金属污染综合评价模型,并结合课题组关于矿区耕地土壤重金属污染控制方法的研究成果作为系统开发的环境专业理论基础；本文还介绍了地理信息系统开发技术,同时详细介绍了组件式GIS开发手段,并且借助ArcGIS Engine开发组件和可视化系统以及评价模型和污染控制方法等环境专业理论开发和设计了重金属污染耕地风险评价系统。该系统主要功能有：地理信息系统的基本功能；利用评价模型和方法对耕地土壤重金属污染进行评价；耕地土壤重金属污染情况区域空间插值预测；耕地土壤污染情况的属性信息和空间信息的查询和编辑；根据耕地土壤重金属污染情况给出重金属污染控制方法等。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the whole environmental system, soil environment is also one of the basic elements of human survival. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, the impact of human activities on the soil environment has become more and more serious, and the soil environment has been seriously polluted and destroyed. As a soil type cultivated land is also affected by human activities. In mining areas and surrounding areas pollution from mining activities has caused serious damage to the quality of cultivated land soil environment. The pollution of cultivated land in mining area is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution, which is latent, concealed and difficult to control, which makes the cultivated land soil easy to cause serious pollution. More seriously, heavy metals are adsorbed by crops and entered into human body through the food chain, threatening human health. Therefore, with the help of GIS technology and the theory of professional environment, the risk assessment and control system for agricultural utilization of heavy metal contaminated farmland is designed and developed. It is of great significance to evaluate, control and control the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land in mining area. In this paper, the commonly used evaluation models and methods in the study of soil heavy metal pollution were studied. Based on these models, the soil pollution assessment models needed by the system were adopted, including single factor index evaluation method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index evaluation method, and so on. The potential ecological risk index method and so on, and according to the actual situation of farmland soil properties in mining area, a comprehensive evaluation model of soil heavy metal pollution based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is put forward. Combined with the research results of the research group on heavy metal pollution control methods of cultivated land soil in mining area as the system development of environmental professional theoretical basis; This paper also introduces the development technology of GIS, and introduces the development method of component GIS in detail. The risk assessment system of heavy metal contaminated cultivated land is developed and designed with the help of ArcGIS Engine module and visualization system, as well as environmental professional theory such as evaluation model and pollution control method. The main functions of the system are as follows: the basic function of GIS, the evaluation of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land soil by using evaluation model and method, the regional spatial interpolation prediction of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land soil; Query and edit the attribute information and spatial information of cultivated land soil pollution, and give the control methods of heavy metal pollution according to the heavy metal pollution of cultivated land soil.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X825

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