某工业园区土壤中几种污染物的污染状况与健康风险评价

发布时间：2018-11-18 21:08

【摘要】：近年来,随着工业的发展以及城市化进程的加快,土壤污染问题愈演愈烈,无论对生态系统的正常运行还是人体健康都构成较严重的威胁。研究区为苏南某工业园区,该园区由于环境监管体系的不完善,加上园区经过几十年的快速发展,土壤环境很可能遭受一定程度的污染。因此,本研究对园区土壤污染调查监测,对了解园区土壤污染现状以及进一步做好土壤污染的综合防治具有十分重要的指导意义。本研究首先采用单因子指数法与内梅罗指数法对园区土壤重金属污染与有机物污染进行综合评价,并采用健康风险评价模型对污染物引起的人体健康风险进行计算,总结得出:该园区土壤重金属与多环芳烃类污染较为严重,其中重金属污染以镉、锌为主;13种多环芳烃总量按照欧洲人类暴露评估的阈值生态风险划分标准处于严重污染等级;根据健康风险评价结果,土壤重金属的健康风险值较高,多环芳烃的人类健康风险值略高于国际可接受的最大风险值1x 10~(-6)。针对污染评价结论总结研究区在土壤污染、土地利用规划、产业结构布局等方面存在的问题:(1)以火电厂为源沿着道路呈线性轴带式有机污染较为严重;(2)重金属污染总体程度较低,但镉浓度超标较为明显;(3)研究区土壤健康风险水平较高;(4)研究区土壤多种污染物复合污染的情况较为普遍;(5)城市用地规划不完善,部分企业用地布局不合理。并分析研究区土壤重金属镉污染以及有机污染的来源主要为:采矿、冶炼企业排放的含镉废水以及交通运输中轮胎磨损是镉的主要来源;火力发电厂是多环芳烃的主要来源。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of industry and the acceleration of urbanization, soil pollution becomes more and more serious, which poses a serious threat to the normal operation of ecosystem and human health. The research area is an industrial park in southern Jiangsu province. Due to the imperfection of the environmental supervision system and the rapid development of the park for several decades, the soil environment is likely to be polluted to a certain extent. Therefore, the investigation and monitoring of soil pollution in the park is of great significance to understand the present situation of soil pollution in the park and to further improve the comprehensive prevention and control of soil pollution. In this study, the single factor index method and the Nemero index method were used to evaluate the pollution of heavy metal and organic matter in the soil of the park, and the health risk assessment model was used to calculate the risk of human health caused by the pollutants. It is concluded that the pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of the park is serious, among which cadmium and zinc are the main pollution. The total amount of 13 PAHs is in serious pollution grade according to the threshold ecological risk criterion of human exposure assessment in Europe; According to the results of health risk assessment, the health risk value of heavy metals in soil is higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which is slightly higher than the maximum internationally acceptable risk value (1x10-6). According to the conclusion of pollution evaluation, the problems in soil pollution, land use planning and industrial structure distribution in the study area are summarized: (1) the organic pollution along the road is more serious with the thermal power plant as the source; (2) the total level of heavy metal pollution was lower, but the cadmium concentration exceeded the standard obviously; (3) the risk level of soil health was higher in the study area; (4) the situation of compound pollution of multiple pollutants in the soil was more common in the study area. (5) the urban land use planning is not perfect, and some enterprises' land use layout is unreasonable. The main sources of heavy metal cadmium pollution and organic pollution in the soil of the study area are as follows: cadmium containing waste water from mining smelting enterprises and tire wear in transportation are the main sources of cadmium and the thermal power plant is the main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X825

【参考文献】