基于石墨烯—聚吡咯的铅离子电化学传感检测
发布时间：2018-11-23 18:22
【摘要】：铅离子作为一种典型的重金属污染物,具有毒性大、难降解等特点,极易通过食物链传递在生物体内富集,对人体健康造成极大威胁。因此对环境水体的铅离子含量的严格监控十分必要,目前已有的铅离子检测分析方法有电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和原子吸收光谱法等,但此类方法存在操作复杂耗时、仪器昂贵、灵敏度低等问题。因此有必要研究和开发一种快速、灵敏的痕量铅离子分析方法。本文提出了一种合成方法简单可控、实用性强、高效灵敏的电化学传感检测铅离子的方法。通过电化学方法控制吡咯在石墨烯纳米片层表面聚合,形成具有三维多孔结构的纳米复合材料,利用高导电性能、化学物理性质稳定、环保友好的聚吡咯作为铅离子探针,结合石墨烯优良的导电性能和较大的电活性表面,构建了对铅离子具有高选择性、高灵敏度的电化学传感检测方法。该传感方法对铅离子的电化学响应良好,通过对电极材料的表征和实际样品的检测,证实了该传感材料具有优良的电化学性能和检测效果。在最佳检测条件下,该传感材料对铅离子的检测范围在5-750 nM之间,检出限可以达到0.047 nM(3δ/s),该传感器对测试样品中其它干扰性金属离子如Zn2+、Hg2+、Cd2+、Cu2+没有明显的信号响应,表明其具有良好的特异性。该方法可以应用于实际样品的检测。本文利用了聚吡咯对铅离子的特异性识别作用协同石墨烯导电性能和结构特性,设计了一种简单、快速、灵敏检测铅离子的电化学传感方法。研究结果可为导电聚合物与碳纳米复合材料的传感应用提供参考。
[Abstract]:As a typical heavy metal pollutant, lead ion is highly toxic and difficult to degrade. It is easy to be transferred through the food chain and enriched in organism, which is a great threat to human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the lead ion content in environmental water. The existing methods of lead ion detection and analysis include inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), but these methods are complicated and time-consuming. Expensive instrument, low sensitivity and other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop a rapid and sensitive method for trace lead ion analysis. In this paper, a simple, controllable, practical and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion is proposed. Three dimensional porous nanocomposites were formed by controlling the polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of graphene nanocrystals by electrochemical method. Polypyrrole with high conductivity, stable chemical and physical properties and friendly environmental protection was used as lead ion probe. A new electrochemical sensing method with high selectivity and high sensitivity to lead ion was constructed based on the excellent conductivity of graphene and its large electrically active surface. The electrochemical response of the sensing method to lead ion is good. Through the characterization of electrode material and the detection of actual sample, it is proved that the sensing material has excellent electrochemical performance and detection effect. Under the optimum detection conditions, the detection range of lead ion is 5-750 nM, and the detection limit can reach 0.047 nM (3 未 / s),). The sensor can detect other interfering metal ions such as Zn2, Hg2, Cd2 in the sample. Cu2 has no obvious signal response, indicating that it has good specificity. The method can be applied to the detection of real samples. In this paper, a simple, rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion was designed by using the specific recognition effect of polypyrrole on lead ion and the conductivity and structure of graphene. The results can be used as reference for sensing applications of conductive polymers and carbon nanocomposites.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X832
本文编号：2352355
[Abstract]:As a typical heavy metal pollutant, lead ion is highly toxic and difficult to degrade. It is easy to be transferred through the food chain and enriched in organism, which is a great threat to human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the lead ion content in environmental water. The existing methods of lead ion detection and analysis include inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), but these methods are complicated and time-consuming. Expensive instrument, low sensitivity and other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop a rapid and sensitive method for trace lead ion analysis. In this paper, a simple, controllable, practical and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion is proposed. Three dimensional porous nanocomposites were formed by controlling the polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of graphene nanocrystals by electrochemical method. Polypyrrole with high conductivity, stable chemical and physical properties and friendly environmental protection was used as lead ion probe. A new electrochemical sensing method with high selectivity and high sensitivity to lead ion was constructed based on the excellent conductivity of graphene and its large electrically active surface. The electrochemical response of the sensing method to lead ion is good. Through the characterization of electrode material and the detection of actual sample, it is proved that the sensing material has excellent electrochemical performance and detection effect. Under the optimum detection conditions, the detection range of lead ion is 5-750 nM, and the detection limit can reach 0.047 nM (3 未 / s),). The sensor can detect other interfering metal ions such as Zn2, Hg2, Cd2 in the sample. Cu2 has no obvious signal response, indicating that it has good specificity. The method can be applied to the detection of real samples. In this paper, a simple, rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion was designed by using the specific recognition effect of polypyrrole on lead ion and the conductivity and structure of graphene. The results can be used as reference for sensing applications of conductive polymers and carbon nanocomposites.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X832
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