生活污泥厌氧消化关键技术的研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 14:20

【摘要】：本论文以生活剩余污泥为研究对象,针对污泥难水解和C/N失调导致厌氧消化时转化效率低的问题,采用生物、物理预处理方法提高污泥中有机物的水解,通过调整C/N和接种高质量的菌种来提高污泥厌氧消化时的转化率,此外通过重金属和病原体两项指标评估了厌氧消化污泥的环境风险,旨在为污泥的处理处置提供理论依据。本论文主要得到以下结果:(1)在兼性水解实验中,接种物可以提高污泥的水解效果。原污泥经过接种后,VFAs和NH4+-N最高提高了965.3 mg/L和635.6 mg/L;灭菌污泥经过接种后,VFAs和NH4+-N最高提高了2104.1 mg/L和700.6 mg/L。在厌氧消化实验中,接种经油酸驯化的菌种较未接种污泥产气率提高了20.5%。高压均质和超声波预处理可以提高污泥有机物的溶出,高压均质和超声波预处理后DDCOD分别为5.4%和2.0%,20 d污泥产气量分别提高了57.5%和18.5%。(2)废弃食用菌糠可以作为污泥的补充碳源,污泥经超声并投加食用菌糠浸提液进行复合处理提高了污泥厌氧消化的转化率。污泥投加杏鲍菇菌糠浸提液产气量和VSR分别提高20.9%和17.7%。(3)根据重金属总量、不稳定态含量和迁移态含量,污泥中Ni、Cd应作为优先控制污染物。而21 d厌氧消化对重金属形态分布影响不明显,Pb、Hg主要以稳定态存在,Ni、Cu、Cr、As主要以不稳定态存在。重金属浸出率最高不超过1%,无浸出毒性危害风险。(4)21 d厌氧消化后细菌菌落总数降低了88.8%~94.7%,大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群菌落数下降率大于99%,沙门氏菌未检出。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem that the conversion efficiency of anaerobic digestion is low due to the difficult hydrolysis of sludge and the imbalance of C / N, the biological and physical pretreatment method is adopted to improve the hydrolysis of organic matter in sludge. By adjusting C / N and inoculating high quality bacteria, the conversion rate of sludge during anaerobic digestion was improved. In addition, the environmental risk of anaerobic digestion sludge was evaluated by heavy metal and pathogen. The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for sludge treatment and disposal. The main results are as follows: (1) in the facultative hydrolysis experiment, the inoculum can improve the hydrolysis effect of sludge. After inoculation, VFAs and NH4 N increased by 965.3 mg/L and 635.6 mg/L; respectively, and VFAs and NH4 N increased by 2104.1 mg/L and 700.6 mg/L. after inoculation. In the anaerobic digestion experiment, inoculation with oleic acid increased the rate of gas production by 20.5% compared with that of uninoculated sludge. High pressure homogenization and ultrasonic pretreatment could improve the dissolution of organic matter in sludge. The DDCOD of high pressure homogenization and ultrasonic pretreatment were 5.4% and 2.0%, respectively. The gas production of sludge increased by 57.5% and 18.5% respectively in 20 days. (2) the waste edible fungus bran could be used as a supplementary carbon source for sludge. The rate of anaerobic digestion of sludge was improved by ultrasonic treatment and mixed treatment of edible fungus bran extract. The gas production and VSR were increased by 20.9% and 17.7%, respectively. (3) according to the total amount of heavy metals, the content of unstable state and the content of migration, Ni,Cd in sludge should be regarded as the priority to control pollutants. However, 21 d anaerobic digestion had no obvious effect on the speciation distribution of heavy metals. Pb,Hg existed mainly in stable state, while Ni,Cu,Cr,As existed mainly in unstable state. The highest leaching rate of heavy metals was not more than 1, and there was no risk of toxicity. (4) after 21 days anaerobic digestion, the total number of bacterial colonies was decreased by 88.8C 94.7, and the decrease rate of coliform bacteria and fecal coliform colonies was more than 99g. Salmonella was not detected.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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