蜂产品对环境污染指示作用研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 14:26

【摘要】：生物监测技术是近年来环境污染监测研究的热点之一,利用生物体对环境变化的敏感性开展生物指示剂监测环境污染水平的研究具有现实意义,而蜜蜂独特的生物学特性决定了蜂产品可能成为可靠、灵敏、经济的环境污染生物指示剂。本文以蜂蜜和蜂花粉为蜂产品代表,多环芳烃类物质(Polycylic Aaromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)和部分重金属元素为环境污染物的代表开展研究。建立和优化了蜂产品及环境介质中PAHs和重金属含量的分析方法,通过分析不同污染程度地区的蜂产品和土壤等样品中PAHs、重金属的含量,探究蜂产品与环境介质中污染物含量的相关性,印证了蜂花粉是一种较好的环境污染指示剂,为评价环境污染程度提供一种新技术模式。本文分两部分。第一部分是蜂产品中PAHs指示环境污染的研究。建立了Qu ECh ERS-GC/MS测定蜂花粉和蜂蜜中16种PAHs的检测方法,乙腈作为提取溶剂,无水Mg SO4、PSA、C18和Florisil作为净化填料,方法的检出限为0.2~3.3μg/kg,回收率为61.0%~135.4%,相对标准偏差小于11.8%,方法的稳定性和精密度较好,能准确、快速、高效地测定蜂花粉和蜂蜜中PAHs含量。优化了土壤中PAHs的GC-MS方法,优化后的方法具有良好的稳定性和精密度,方法检出限为0.4~1.8μg/kg。实际样品分析结果表明:环境介质中的PAHs能通过生物链或其他途径迁移至蜂花粉和蜂蜜中,其中蜂花粉较为适合做环境污染指示剂,通过分析某地区的蜂花粉中PAHs的种类与含量大致判断该地区环境污染程度;而蜂蜜中PAHs的含量较低,使其不适宜定量地指示环境中PAHs的污染。第二部分是蜂产品中重金属指示环境污染的研究。利用ICP/MS技术准确测定样品中11种常见的重金属Cr/52、Mn/55、Fe/56、Co/59、Ni/60、Cu/65、Zn/66、Mo/95、Ag/107、Cd/114、Pb/208的含量,并对三个污染程度不同的采样地区中环境介质和蜂产品中的重金属含量进行统计分析。结果显示,土壤中重金属含量相对较高且存在较大差异,洋槐植物中重金属含量总体上较土壤中的低,且采样地区之间差异不显著。蜂花粉中重金属的平均含量与环境污染程度的变化趋势相同,且与环境介质之间相对应地重金属含量存在较强的相关性。因此,蜂花粉较为适合做环境中重金属污染指示剂;尽管蜂蜜中重金属的含量较低,但其中Co、Fe、Mo元素对环境污染具有良好的指示作用。综上所述,蜂花粉较适合作为环境中PAHs和多种重金属的污染指示剂,而蜂蜜不适宜定量地指示环境中PAHs的污染,但蜂蜜中Co、Fe、Mo元素对环境污染具有良好的指示作用。本研究为评价环境污染程度提供一种新的技术模式,也为拓展蜂产业应用领域提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Biological monitoring technology is one of the hotspots of environmental pollution monitoring in recent years. It is of practical significance to use biological indicators to monitor the level of environmental pollution by using the sensitivity of organisms to environmental change. The unique biological characteristics of bees determine that bee products may become reliable, sensitive and economical biological indicators of environmental pollution. In this paper, honey and bee pollen were used as the representative of bee products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Polycylic Aaromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs) and some heavy metal elements as environmental pollutants. A method for the analysis of PAHs and heavy metals in bee products and environmental media was established and optimized. The contents of PAHs, heavy metals in bee products and soil samples with different pollution levels were analyzed. It is proved that bee pollen is a good indicator of environmental pollution and provides a new technical model for evaluating the degree of environmental pollution by exploring the correlation between bee products and the content of pollutants in environmental media. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part is the study of PAHs indicating environmental pollution in bee products. A Qu ECh ERS-GC/MS method for the determination of 16 kinds of PAHs in bee pollen and honey was established. Acetonitrile was used as extraction solvent and anhydrous Mg SO4,PSA,C18 and Florisil as purifying filler. The detection limit of the method was 0.2 渭 g / kg and 3.3 渭 g / kg, respectively. The recovery rate was 61.0 and 135.4, the relative standard deviation was less than 11.8. The method had good stability and precision, and could be used to determine the content of PAHs in bee pollen and honey accurately, quickly and efficiently. The GC-MS method of PAHs in soil was optimized. The optimized method has good stability and precision. The detection limit of the method is 0.4 渭 g / kg. The results of sample analysis show that PAHs in environmental media can be transported to bee pollen and honey by biological chain or other means, and bee pollen is more suitable as an indicator of environmental pollution. Based on the analysis of the species and content of PAHs in bee pollen in a certain area, the environmental pollution degree of this area was roughly judged. However, the content of PAHs in honey is low, which makes it unsuitable to indicate the pollution of PAHs in the environment quantitatively. The second part is the research of heavy metal indicating environmental pollution in bee products. ICP/MS technique was used to determine the contents of 11 common heavy metal Cr/52,Mn/55,Fe/56,Co/59,Ni/60,Cu/65,Zn/66,Mo/95,Ag/107,Cd/114,Pb/208 in the samples. The contents of heavy metals in environmental media and bee products in three sampling areas with different pollution levels were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in soil was relatively high and there was great difference. The content of heavy metals in Robinia pseudoacacia plants was lower than that in soil, and there was no significant difference between sampling regions. The average content of heavy metals in bee pollen was the same as that of environmental pollution, and there was a strong correlation between the content of heavy metals and the environmental medium. Therefore, bee pollen is more suitable as indicator of heavy metal pollution in the environment, although the content of heavy metals in honey is relatively low, the Co,Fe,Mo element is a good indicator of environmental pollution. In conclusion, bee pollen is more suitable as an indicator of PAHs and many heavy metals in the environment, but honey is not suitable to quantitatively indicate the pollution of PAHs in the environment, but the element of Co,Fe,Mo in honey is a good indicator of environmental pollution. This study provides a new technological model for evaluating the environmental pollution and a new way to expand the application field of bee industry.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X835;TS218

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