子牙河水系咸化特征研究

发布时间：2019-01-01 16:40

【摘要】：海河流域干旱少雨、水资源匮乏,同时河流闸坝众多、水流缓滞,“库型河”特征明显,加之干旱季节水体蒸发强烈,使得该地区水体含盐量较高,对该地区水环境、水生态构成严重威胁。子牙河水系是海河流域重要的组成部分,其地处华北平原,属于资源性和水质性缺水地区。子牙河水系沿途无生态水补给,并接纳大量生活污水和生产废水,季节性干涸严重,同时该河段修筑了大量水利工程造成河流过度开发,河流自然属性丧失,河流水文和水动力学条件遭到严重破坏,大量河流变为以人为调控为主的“库型”河流。河流水咸化危害城市供水安全,加重污灌区土壤盐碱化,同时影响水生生物的生存,造成河流水生态环境恶化。本文以子牙河水系为研究对象,搜集了子牙河水系的气候、水文、地形地貌、地质构造、人文等基础资料,开展流域内上覆水、沉积物的盐化调查。通过野外取样与室内分析,探究了子牙河水系上覆水、沉积物的盐分变化规律与分布特征,并从自然因素和人为因素的角度解析子牙河流域上覆水、沉积物咸化的成因,并提出了相关控制和预防措施。论文主要结论如下:(1)子牙河水系上覆水与表层沉积物水化学类型均属于HCO3—Ca(Na)型水。(2)子牙河水系上覆水及表层沉积物含盐量平均值分别为1105.64mg/L与2177.52mg/kg。滏阳河上游,留垒河,七里河,邵村排干上覆水盐化水平较低,牛尾河,北澧河,m(河,滏阳河,汪洋沟,滏阳新河上覆水盐化水平较高,已达到微咸水水平;河流表层沉积物盐化水平均高于其上覆水咸化水平,其风险水平较大。其中仅留垒河表层沉积物属于非盐化土;滏阳河上游、七里河、牛尾河、m(河表层沉积物处于轻盐化水平;北澧河,滏阳河,汪洋沟,邵村排干,滏阳新河处于中盐化水平;(3)子牙河水系上覆水盐化特征与区域污染水平呈现较为明显的相关性。表明水质污染对河流咸化的影响很大,在污染非常严重的子牙河水系或已成为主导因素。(4)通过重污染河流(牛尾河)与轻污染河流(滏阳河上游)原状底泥沉积柱盐分垂直分布规律得知:与一般情况相反,重污染河流(牛尾河)全盐量盐随深度逐渐减小。可见水质污染不仅改变了上覆水的咸化特征,也改变了沉积物全盐量的垂直分布特征,盐分呈现出由上覆水向沉积物溶解的趋势。(5)通过对河流岸边带土壤剖面盐分分布规律可知:咸化水对岸边带土壤的影响随着距离岸边的距离增大而逐渐减弱。同时,在距离河岸较近的3m处其土壤剖面盐分分布类型属于底聚型,距离河岸6m、9m、12m处土壤剖面盐分分布类型属于表聚型,距离河岸15m处土壤剖面盐分分布属于均匀型。(6)预防和控制子牙河水系咸化应严格控制点源污染与面源污染;不断优化水资源配置与城市发展格局、规范土地利用;同时,应合理规范河流灌溉,健全排灌设施。
[Abstract]:In the Haihe River Basin, the water resources are short of water and drought. At the same time, there are many sluice dams and slow water flow. The obvious characteristics of "reservoir river" and the strong evaporation of water in the dry season make the water body in this area have a high salt content, which is of great importance to the water environment in this area. Aquatic ecology poses a serious threat. Ziya River system is an important part of Haihe River Basin, which is located in North China Plain and belongs to resource-based and water-quality water shortage area. There is no ecological water recharge along the river system of Ziya River, and a large amount of domestic sewage and production wastewater are accepted, and the seasonal drying up is serious. At the same time, a large number of water conservancy projects have been built in this section, resulting in the over-exploitation of the river and the loss of the natural properties of the river. The hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions of rivers have been seriously damaged, and a large number of rivers have been changed into "reservoir" rivers dominated by artificial regulation. The salinization of river water endangers the safety of urban water supply, exacerbates the salinization of soil in polluted irrigation areas, and affects the survival of aquatic organisms, resulting in the deterioration of river water ecological environment. In this paper, the basic data of climate, hydrology, topography, geomorphology, geological structure and humanities of Ziya river system are collected, and the salinization investigation of overlying water and sediment in the river basin is carried out. Through field sampling and laboratory analysis, this paper probes into the variation and distribution characteristics of salt content in the overlying water and sediment of Ziya River system, and analyzes the causes of overlying water and salinization of sediments in Ziya River Basin from the point of view of natural and human factors. The related control and prevention measures are also put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the chemical types of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River belong to HCO3-Ca (Na) type, (2) the average salt content of overlying water and surface sediment of Ziya River is 1105, respectively. 64mg/L and 2177.52 mg / kg. The salinization level of overlying water in the upper reaches of Fuyang River, Liuliehe, Qilihe, Shao village drains is lower, Niuwei River, m (River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch and Fuyang River have a higher salinization level, which has reached the level of brackish water. The salinization level of river surface sediment is higher than that of overlying water, and the risk level is higher. The surface sediments of the Fuyang River, Qili River and Niuwei River, m (River are light salinized, while the Beili River, Fuyang River, Wang Yang ditch, Shaocun Paigan, Fuyang New River are in the middle salinization level, and only the surface sediments of Liulihe River belong to non-salinized soil, while the surface sediments of the Fuyang River and Niuwei River are in the level of light salinization. (3) the salinization characteristics of overlying water in Ziya River system were significantly correlated with the level of regional pollution. It shows that water pollution has a great influence on the salinization of rivers. (4) the vertical distribution of salt in the sediment column of heavy polluted river (Niuwei River) and light polluted river (upper reaches of Fuyang River) is found to be contrary to the general situation. The total salt content of heavily polluted river (Niuwei River) decreases with the depth. It can be seen that water pollution not only changes the salinization characteristics of overlying water, but also changes the vertical distribution of total salt in sediments. Salt tends to dissolve from overlying water to sediment. (5) the distribution of salt in the soil profile of river-shore zone shows that the influence of saline water on the soil in the coastal zone decreases with the increase of the distance from the shore. At the same time, the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the bottom accumulation type at 3 m near the river bank, and the soil profile salt distribution type belongs to the apparent accumulation type at 6 m ~ 9 m ~ 12 m from the river bank. The distribution of salt in soil profile is homogeneous at 15m from the river bank. (6) Point source pollution and non-point source pollution should be strictly controlled to prevent and control salinization of Ziya river system; The allocation of water resources and the pattern of urban development should be optimized to standardize the land use, and at the same time, the irrigation of rivers should be regulated reasonably and the drainage and irrigation facilities should be improved.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;P342

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