合肥市灰霾天气及其时空变化特征研究
发布时间：2019-01-11 18:44
【摘要】：论文根据2013年和2014年上半年合肥市的环境监测资料、高空气象探测资料、地面气象观测资料以及大气气溶胶观测资料,探讨了合肥市灰霾天气的变化特征；研究了天气条件和气象要素对灰霾形成的影响；分析了合肥地区灰霾期间大气颗粒物污染特征和典型灰霾天气的气象特征、局地污染特征。主要研究结论如下：(1)2013年合肥市灰霾天数145天,灰霾天数占全年总天数的39.7%。1月和12月是全年灰霾最严重的月份,分别有26天和21天为灰霾天气；根据各项数据统计,2013年当合肥发生灰霾天气时,PM2.5/PM10的比值在0.96～0.99,能见度不超过3.0km,气压为1023百帕左右,气温较低,低于5℃,相对湿度73%81%,风速为1.5m/s,降水量几乎为零。(2)分析2013年8月～2014年2月的PM10、PM2.5和PM1同步自动监测数据,其结果显示：PM2.5占PM1o的平均百分比值为66.7%,PM1占PM2.5的平均百分比值为56.0%。重污染天气时,PM2.5/PM1o百分比值几乎都在60%～90%,达标天气时,百分比值几乎落在40%～80%,而PM10浓度在150-300μg/m3之间时,该比值变化幅度较大。PM1/PM2.5的变化则与PM2.5/PM10的变化相反,重污染天气时,PM1/PM2.5几乎都在60%以下,达标天气时,此比值几乎都落在50%～85%,而PM1o浓度在150～300μg/m3之间时,该比值变化幅度较大。重污染时,PM2.5/PM10的值会升高,但PM1/PM2.5的值会下降,可见造成污染的主要为细粒子PM2.5。(3)从局地污染来看,污染主要来源于本地污染,工业排放、机动车尾气、煤燃烧等秋季末的秸秆燃烧会带来较多的生物燃烧质气溶胶；2014年1月底的局地污染加重,有春节期间烟花爆竹燃放的贡献,1km以上高空的污染主要来自西北方向。(4)建议当前合肥市灰霾污染应着重从以下两个方面进行控制：一是分区域控制污染源,将合肥市按照东部及北部城区、主城区、其他区域划分成三个区域性特点鲜明的区域,以工业废气治理、城市扬尘、机动车排气为重点,分区域、分类做好各项污染源的整治工作。二是建设城市通风廊道,根据合肥市主导风向设置通风廊道,从远郊及市区打通城市风道,把郊外的风引进主城区,增加城市的空气流动性。
[Abstract]:According to the environmental monitoring data of Hefei in the first half of 2013 and the first half of 2014, the characteristics of the change of the haze weather in Hefei were discussed, and the effects of the weather conditions and the meteorological elements on the formation of the haze were studied. The characteristics of the atmospheric particulate matter and the characteristics of the typical haze weather in the haze of Hefei are analyzed and the characteristics of the local pollution are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2013, the number of days of haze of Hefei is 145 days, and the number of haze days account for 39.7% of the total number of days in the whole year. In January and December, the worst month of the whole year, 26 and 21 days are the haze weather. According to the data statistics, when the haze weather in Hefei is in 2013, The ratio of PM2.5/ PM10 is 0.96-0.99, the visibility is not more than 3.0km, the air pressure is about 1023 hundred Pa, the air temperature is lower, the temperature is lower than 5 鈩，
本文编号：2407343
[Abstract]:According to the environmental monitoring data of Hefei in the first half of 2013 and the first half of 2014, the characteristics of the change of the haze weather in Hefei were discussed, and the effects of the weather conditions and the meteorological elements on the formation of the haze were studied. The characteristics of the atmospheric particulate matter and the characteristics of the typical haze weather in the haze of Hefei are analyzed and the characteristics of the local pollution are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2013, the number of days of haze of Hefei is 145 days, and the number of haze days account for 39.7% of the total number of days in the whole year. In January and December, the worst month of the whole year, 26 and 21 days are the haze weather. According to the data statistics, when the haze weather in Hefei is in 2013, The ratio of PM2.5/ PM10 is 0.96-0.99, the visibility is not more than 3.0km, the air pressure is about 1023 hundred Pa, the air temperature is lower, the temperature is lower than 5 鈩，
本文编号：2407343
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