胜利油田生态环境治理问题及对策研究

发布时间：2019-01-11 12:13

【摘要】：随着社会主义现代化建设进程的不断加快，我国对石油、天然气等能源的需求也越来越大，在石油工业蓬勃发展的同时，伴随着生态资源的消耗。油田的发展在促进和带动当地产业和经济发展的同时，在油田开发的各个阶段中，产生大量的废气、废水和废渣，造成油田所在地区及周边生态环境的污染和恶化。胜利油田，仅次于大庆油田，是我国的第二大油田，从1961年第一口华8井打出到现在，胜利油田在国家经济发展等方面作出了重要作用。胜利油田历经40多年开发建设,在奉献能源的同时,也使东营市的生态环境受到极大的破坏，严重制约和影响了东营市的人居环境、生活质量和资源性城市的可持续发展。现如今，油田不仅面临着生态环境压力大的问题，还有解决生态环境问题难度大的现状。在油气田勘探开发的过程中，包含多种工艺技术、多个过程，在不同开发阶段和不同的工艺中，其产生的污染物不尽相同。生态环境压力大主要是由于油气田开发过程中产生的污染物种类多，技术层面上难度大。解决生态环境问题难度大是由于油区的生态环境治理工作涉及到法律法规、政策制度、体制管理、技术规范等多方面的问题。本论文采用抽象分析与系统分析相结合的方法，从胜利油田的油气田勘探开发活动对环境的影响现状入手，了解目前油区生态环境治理现状，探讨现阶段油区生态环境治理所采取的措施的利弊，指出在技术层面和管理层面存在的问题：一是政府在环境治理上管理分散、政出多门、各行其是；二是环境监管能力弱，法制化程度不高；三是企业没有将环保贯穿到日常的经营管理中；四是污染物转嫁；五是公众参与环保程度较低，参与能力较差；六是油地关系矛盾。现存问题产生的原因是多方面的：首先，油区生态环境治理不仅是油田技术层面的问题，它涉及到水质、土壤、空气、生物等多个方面的治理，牵扯到多个职能部门，法律法规对环保主管机构的责任划分不明确加之未形成联动机制是首要原因；其次，政府监管力度不够；第三，企业需转变末端治理，缺乏环保配套措施；第四，企业治污技术落后；第五，公众环保意识较低；第六，政企目标相关政策落实不到位。针对油区生态环境治理问题产生的原因，，结合相关理论知识，在对国内外油区治理的一些成功经验进行借鉴的基础上，论文提出了油区生态环境治理问题的对策思路：一是充分发挥政府的主导作用，整合各部门的治理工作，健全相关法律法规，明确责任主体，构建油区生态环境综合治理，使各个部门充分发挥其作用，以达到高效率的治理油区生态环境问题；第二是推动企业HSE体系建设，构建绿色生态油田；第三是提高油田生态环境治理技术手段；第四是整合公众力量，强化舆论监督；第五是妥善处理好油地关系，共建黄河三角洲生态环境。
[Abstract]:With the development of socialist modernization, the demand for oil, natural gas and other energy resources in our country is also increasing. With the rapid development of petroleum industry, the consumption of ecological resources is accompanied by the consumption of ecological resources. The development of oil field not only promotes and stimulates the development of local industry and economy, but also produces a great deal of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in all stages of oilfield development, which results in the pollution and deterioration of the ecological environment in the area where the oil field is located and the surrounding environment. Shengli Oilfield, second only to Daqing Oilfield, is the second largest oil field in China. It has played an important role in the national economic development since the first Hua-8 well hit in 1961. Shengli Oilfield has been developed and constructed for more than 40 years, while devoting energy to the ecological environment of Dongying City, which seriously restricts and affects the living environment, quality of life and sustainable development of the resource-based city in Dongying City. Nowadays, oil fields face not only the problem of ecological environment pressure, but also the difficult situation of solving ecological environment problem. In the process of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, there are many kinds of technology and many processes. In different development stages and different processes, the pollutants produced are not the same. The pressure of ecological environment is mainly due to the variety of pollutants produced in the process of oil and gas field development, and the difficulty in technology level. It is difficult to solve the problem of ecological environment because the management of ecological environment in oil area involves many problems, such as laws and regulations, policy and system, system management, technical standard and so on. In this paper, abstract analysis and system analysis are combined to understand the current situation of ecological environment management in oil and gas fields, starting from the present situation of the impact of exploration and development activities on the environment in Shengli Oilfield. This paper probes into the advantages and disadvantages of the measures taken in the ecological environment control of the oil region at present, and points out the problems existing in the technical and management aspects: first, the government is decentralized in environmental management, and its administration is multipronged and its own way; Second, the ability of environmental supervision is weak, and the degree of legalization is not high; third, enterprises fail to penetrate environmental protection into their daily management; fourth, pollutants are transferred; fifthly, the degree of public participation in environmental protection is low, and the ability of participation is poor; and the sixth is the contradiction between oil and land. The reasons for the existing problems are various: first, the ecological environment management in oil areas is not only a technical aspect of oil fields, it involves water quality, soil, air, biology and other aspects of governance, involving a number of functional departments. The primary reason is that the responsibility division of environmental protection authorities is not clear and the linkage mechanism is not formed. Second, the government supervision is not enough; third, enterprises need to change terminal governance, lack of supporting measures for environmental protection; fourth, the enterprise pollution control technology is backward; fifth, the public awareness of environmental protection is low; sixth, the implementation of policies related to government and enterprise objectives is not in place. In view of the causes of the problem of ecological environment control in oil region, combined with relevant theoretical knowledge, on the basis of reference to some successful experiences of oil region control at home and abroad, The paper puts forward the countermeasures of the ecological environment management in oil region: first, give full play to the leading role of the government, integrate the management work of various departments, perfect the relevant laws and regulations, clarify the main body of responsibility, and construct the comprehensive management of the ecological environment in the oil area. Make each department give full play to its role, in order to achieve high efficiency in the control of the ecological environment problems in oil areas; The second is to promote the construction of enterprise HSE system to construct green ecological oil field, the third is to improve the technical means of oil field ecological environment treatment, the fourth is to integrate public power and strengthen supervision by public opinion. The fifth is to properly handle the oil-land relationship and jointly build the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;X322

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