湘江流域污染土壤修复技术选择与优化应用分析

发布时间：2019-01-12 15:51

【摘要】：工业化与城市化快速发展,排放到环境中的“三废”物质与日俱增,产生严峻的环境污染问题,引发恶劣影响,环境修复工作亟待开展,其中土壤污染呈现出多来源、复合型、数量大、面积广、毒性强的污染特征决定了土壤环境修复项目的过程复杂且任务艰巨。近年来,土壤污染和土壤修复引起社会各界广泛关注,投入大量的资金用于污染修复,各地的环境修复工作取得了一定的进展,随着土壤修复需求的增加,对场地修复项目技术选择和场地管理等方面的研究具有十分重要的意义。本文将多目标决策分析方法运用到修复技术的选择中,能够综合影响场地修复的多方面因素,协助科学决策,促进场地修复的发展。湘江流域土壤污染严重,是国家主导的重金属污染修复试验区,对其土壤修复技术选择和优化应用的研究能为该地区乃至全国的环境修复提供指导。本文以湘江流域重金属污染的重点治理地区为研究对象,首先回顾分析了土壤修复技术和项目决策分析的发展状况,进而从流域的自然资源特征和社会经济发展状况出发,评述该区域严重的重金属污染状况,并分析湘江流域的矿区农田和底泥存在严重污染的主要原因是以重化工业为主导的工业结构。其次,尝试将多目标决策分析法的层次分析法和优劣解距离法相结合,建立AHP-TOPSIS评价模型,对适用于湘江流域的重点治理地区的土壤修复技术进行筛选。根据场地修复项目的影响因素和研究区污染状况,进行技术初步筛选,构造评价指标体系,再通过专家问卷调查法对指标和初选技术进行评分,运用层次分析法处理数据确定指标权重,用优劣解距离法对初选技术进行最后排序,得出评价结果,主要修复技术在湘江流域重点治理地区的适用性程度为固定/隐定化技术植物修复技术土壤淋洗技术化学氧化技术电动修复技术。最后,本文对固定/稳定化技术在该地区的优化应用提出了合理建议,认为可以从技术研究创新、向环境友好方向发展、优化费用结构和开发综合修复技术等多个角度出发,提高该技术在湘江流域土壤修复中的适用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the discharge of "three wastes" into the environment increases day by day, resulting in severe environmental pollution problems, causing adverse effects, and environmental restoration work needs to be carried out urgently, in which soil pollution presents multi-source and compound type. The pollution characteristics of large quantity, wide area and strong toxicity make the process of soil environment restoration project complicated and arduous. In recent years, soil pollution and soil remediation have aroused widespread concern from all walks of life, and a large amount of funds have been invested in the remediation of pollution. The environmental remediation work in various places has made some progress, with the increasing demand for soil remediation. The research on site restoration project technology selection and site management is of great significance. In this paper, the method of multi-objective decision analysis is applied to the selection of restoration technology, which can synthetically affect the various factors of site restoration, assist in scientific decision making and promote the development of site restoration. The soil pollution in Xiangjiang River Basin is serious, and it is a state-led experimental area for heavy metal pollution remediation. The study on the selection and optimization of soil remediation technology can provide guidance for environmental remediation in this area and even in the whole country. In this paper, the heavy metal pollution control area in Xiangjiang River Basin is taken as the research object. Firstly, the development of soil remediation technology and project decision analysis is reviewed and analyzed, and then the natural resource characteristics and social and economic development of the basin are analyzed. This paper reviews the serious heavy metal pollution in this area and analyzes the main reason for the serious pollution of farmland and sediment in Xiangjiang river basin is the industrial structure dominated by heavy chemical industry. Secondly, this paper tries to combine the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of multi-objective decision analysis with the method of distance between advantages and disadvantages, and establish the AHP-TOPSIS evaluation model to screen the soil remediation technology suitable for the key area of Xiangjiang river basin. According to the influencing factors of site restoration project and the pollution status of the research area, the preliminary screening of technology, the construction of evaluation index system, and the evaluation index and primary selection technology are evaluated by expert questionnaire survey. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to deal with the data to determine the index weight, and the final ranking of the primary selection technology is carried out by using the method of distance between advantages and disadvantages, and the evaluation results are obtained. The applicability of the main remediation technology in the key areas of Xiangjiang River Basin is fixed / hidden plant remediation technology soil leaching technology chemical oxidation technology electric remediation technology. Finally, the paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions for the optimal application of fixed / stabilized technology in this area. It is considered that the technology research and innovation can be developed in the direction of environmental friendliness, the cost structure can be optimized and the comprehensive restoration technology can be developed, and so on. To improve the applicability of this technique in the soil remediation of Xiangjiang River Basin.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53

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