江西省大中型浅水湖泊浮游植物与富营养化的研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 13:01

【摘要】：本文以江西省十个大中型浅水湖泊为研究对象,分别是鄱阳湖、军山湖、珠湖、赤湖、赛湖、七里湖、太泊湖、南北湖、新妙湖和陈家湖,于2013年10月和2014年7月对其浮游植物和富营养化状况进行调查研究。主要研究结果如下:1.对十个湖泊的两次调查研究共鉴定出浮游植物8门107属220种,其中蓝藻门28属57种、绿藻门49属122种、硅藻门18属27种、裸藻门4属4种、金藻门2属2种、甲藻门4属4种、黄藻门2属2种、隐藻门1属1种,种类组成以绿藻为主,蓝藻次之。各湖简要情况如下,陈家湖鉴定出浮游植物5门49属79种,赤湖6门67属94种,军山湖8门76属122种,南北湖5门50属84种,鄱阳湖7门83属142种,七里湖6门55属88种,赛湖6门59属101种,太泊湖7门51属92种,新妙湖5门39属55种,珠湖8门64属99种。2.陈家湖浮游植物平均丰度和平均生物量分别为1.03×108cells/L、7.656mg/L,赤湖分别为1.59×107 cells/L、2.134 mg/L,军山湖分别为1.67×107 cells/L、2.348 mg/L,南北湖分别为9.7×107 cells/L、9.545 mg/L,鄱阳湖分别为1.13×106 cells/L、0.477 mg/L,七里湖分别为7.87×107 cells/L、8.770 mg/L,赛湖分别为5.69×107 cells/L、6.871 mg/L,太泊湖分别为2.31×108 cells/L、8.436 mg/L,新妙湖分别为7.79×107 cells/L、5.820 mg/L,珠湖分别为1.75×107 cells/L、1.334mg/L。3.2013年10月(秋季)优势种以硅藻和绿藻为主,2014年7月(夏季)以蓝藻和绿藻为主。秋季和夏季浮游植物的均匀度指数范围分别为0.38-0.74、0.34-0.74,香农指数范围分别为1.2-2.8、1.22-2.56。4.水华蓝藻秋季与夏季的丰度占总丰度的比例分别为37%-94%、25%-95%,生物量占比分别为3%-45%、18%-61%。秋季和夏季水华蓝藻的特点是丰度占比较大而生物量占比较小,但夏季生物量占比要显著大于秋季,表明夏季发生蓝藻水华的概率要高于秋季。5.秋季的透明度范围在0.13-1.66 m,夏季为0.29-1.6 m;秋季总氮在0.212-1.27 mg/L之间,夏季在0.670-3.928 mg/L之间;秋季总磷范围为0.05-0.42mg/L,夏季的为0.02-0.14 mg/L;秋季COD在2.863-8.514 mg/L之间,夏季在2.193-23.206 mg/L之间;秋季叶绿素a的浓度在4.35-100.02μg/L之间,夏季在7.76-105.25μg/L。6.江西省大中型浅水湖泊夏季的富营养化程度要高于秋季。秋季富营养化的湖泊占50%,夏季占90%。赤湖的秋季和夏季的营养状况分别为中营养、中营养;珠湖的分别为中营养、轻度富营养;军山湖分别为中营养、轻度富营养;赛湖分别为中度富营养、轻度富营养;鄱阳湖分别为中营养、中度富营养;太泊湖分别为轻度富营养、中度富营养;陈家湖分别为中度富营养、中度富营养;新妙湖分别为中营养、中度富营养;七里湖分别为轻度富营养、中度富营养;南北湖分别为中度富营养、中度富营养。7.秋季湖泊的COD及pH与水华蓝藻丰度和生物量存在显著性正相关,夏季透明度SD与水华蓝藻的丰度和生物量有显著正相关性,夏季总氮TN与水华蓝藻生物量有显著正相关性,表明夏季总氮的升高能够促进水华蓝藻的生长和繁殖。
[Abstract]:In this paper, ten large and medium shallow lakes in Jiangxi Province are studied. They are Poyang Lake, Junshan Lake, Pearl Lake, Red Lake, Saihu Lake, Qili Lake, Taipo Lake, South and Northern Lake, Xinmiao Lake and Chen Jia Lake. Phytoplankton and eutrophication were investigated in October 2013 and July 2014. The main results are as follows: 1. A total of 220 species of phytoplankton, including 28 genera and 57 species of cyanobacteria, 49 genera of 122 species of Chlorophyta, 18 genera of 27 species of diatom, 4 species of 4 genera of Phaeophyta, 2 genera of 2 genera of Chlorophyta and 4 species of 4 genera of Prorophyta, were identified in two investigations of 10 lakes. Phylum xanthophyta 2 genera 2 species, Cryptophyta 1 genus 1 species, species composition mainly chlorophyta, followed by cyanobacteria. The brief situation of each lake is as follows: 79 species of phytoplankton 5 phyla, 49 genera, 6 phyla, 67 genera, 94 species, 8 phyla, 76 genera, 122 species, 5 phyla, 50 genera, 84 species, 7 phyla, 83 genera, 142 species, 6 phyla, 55 genera and 88 species of Poyang Lake, South and North Lake, respectively, are identified. There are 101 species of Sihu 6 phyla, 59 genera and 101 species, 7 phyla, 51 genera, 92 species of Taipo Lake, 55 species of 39 genera, 5 phyla of Xinmiao Lake, 99 species of 64 genera, 8 phyla of Pearl Lake. The average abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in Chenjia Lake were 1.03 脳 108 cells / L = 7.656 mg / L and 1.59 脳 10 ~ 7 cells/L,2.134 mg/L, / L, respectively, and 1.67 脳 10 ~ 7 cells/L,2.348 mg/L, in Junshan Lake, respectively. South and North Lake are 9.7 脳 107 cells/L,9.545 mg/L, Poyang Lake 1.13 脳 106 cells/L,0.477 mg/L, Qili Lake 7.87 脳 107 cells/L,8.770 mg/L, Lake and 5.69 脳 107 cells/L, respectively. 6.871 mg/L, Taipo Lake 2.31 脳 108 cells/L,8.436 mg/L, Xinmiao Lake 7.79 脳 107 cells/L,5.820 mg/L, Pearl Lake 1.75 脳 107 cells/L, The dominant species of 1.334mg/L.3.2013 in October (autumn) were diatoms and green algae, and in July 2014 (summer) they were mainly cyanobacteria and green algae. The range of evenness index of phytoplankton in autumn and summer is 0.38-0.74N 0.34-0.74, and the range of Shannon index is 1.2-2.80.22-2.56.4. The ratios of autumn and summer abundance of Shui Hua cyanobacteria to total abundance were 37 -9425 and 95, respectively, and the ratio of biomass to total abundance was 3- 4550 and 18-61, respectively. The characteristics of Shui Hua cyanobacteria in autumn and summer are that the abundance of cyanobacteria is larger than that of biomass, but the proportion of biomass in summer is significantly larger than that in autumn, indicating that the probability of occurrence of cyanobacteria Shui Hua in summer is higher than that in autumn. The transparency ranges from 0.13-1.66 m in autumn and 0.29-1.6 m in summer, and the total nitrogen in autumn ranged from 0.212 to 1.27 mg/L and from 0.670-3.928 mg/L in summer. Total phosphorus ranged from 0.05-0.42 mg / L in autumn, 0.02-0.14 mg/L; in summer, 2.863-8.514 mg/L in autumn and 2.193-23.206 mg/L in summer. The concentration of chlorophyll a was 4.35-100.02 渭 g / L in autumn and 7.76-105.25 渭 g / L 路L ~ (-6) in summer. The eutrophication degree of large and medium shallow lakes in Jiangxi Province in summer is higher than that in autumn. Eutrophication in autumn accounts for 50 lakes, summer accounts for 90. The nutritional status of red lake in autumn and summer was medium nutrition, medium nutrition in Pearl Lake, moderate nutrition in Junshan Lake, moderate eutrophication in Lake Seihu, and mild eutrophication in Pearl Lake. Poyang Lake is medium nutrition, moderate eutrophication; Taipo Lake is mildly eutrophic, moderate eutrophication; Chen Jia Lake is medium eutrophication, moderate eutrophication; Xinmiao Lake is medium nutrition, moderate eutrophication; Qili Lake was mildly and moderately eutrophic, while the South and North Lake were moderately eutrophic and moderately eutrophic. The COD and pH of the lake were positively correlated with the abundance and biomass of Shui Hua cyanobacteria in autumn, the transparency SD was positively correlated with the abundance and biomass of Shui Hua cyanobacteria in summer, and the total nitrogen TN was positively correlated with the biomass of Shui Hua cyanobacteria in summer. The results showed that the increase of total nitrogen in summer could promote the growth and reproduction of Shui Hua cyanobacteria.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524;X172

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