露天煤矿区受损土地景观重塑与再造的研究进展

发布时间：2019-03-29 11:12

【摘要】：露天煤炭的开采过程造成了对土地的挖损、占用,重型机械的参与导致土壤受到严重压实,致使地表植被难以正常生长,加大水土流失发生频率,使矿区土地景观受到损坏。因此,开展矿区受损土地景观的重塑与再造,恢复已受损的土地已成为土地复垦和生态恢复领域未来发展的关键。针对露天矿区土地景观受损特点,总结了遥感、GPS RTK、无人机、三维激光扫描等国内外相关领域获取受损土地景观信息的技术方法,分形及景观指数法等受损土地表征方法,并归纳了景观生态学、微地形和仿自然地貌等土地景观重塑与再造理论,发现在进行露天矿区土地景观获取与表征中缺乏无人机、三维激光扫描新型景观获取技术和分形等表征方法的深入应用,指出今后研究还需在获取景观数据等技术方面进行加强,注重分形参数与受损景观表征意义的深入探讨,继续探究创建景观生态学、微地形等多种重塑再造理论相互融合下的矿区受损土地景观规划技术体系,以期为露天矿区受损土地景观重塑与再造提供理论指导和科学依据。
[Abstract]:The mining process of open-pit coal results in the excavation and occupation of the land. The participation of heavy machinery causes the soil to be seriously compacted and the vegetation on the surface is difficult to grow normally. The frequency of soil and water loss is increased and the land landscape in the mining area is damaged. Therefore, the reconstruction and reconstruction of damaged land landscape in mining area and the restoration of damaged land have become the key to the future development of land reclamation and ecological restoration. Aiming at the characteristics of land landscape damage in open-pit mining area, this paper summarizes the technical methods of obtaining damaged land landscape information in related fields such as remote sensing, GPS RTK, UAV, three-dimensional laser scanning, fractal method and landscape index method, and so on. The theories of landscape remolding and reconstruction, such as landscape ecology, microtopography and natural landscape imitation, are summarized, and it is found that there is no unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the acquisition and characterization of land landscape in open-air mining area. With the in-depth application of three-dimensional laser scanning new landscape acquisition technology and fractal characterization methods, it is pointed out that the future research needs to be strengthened in the aspects of obtaining landscape data and other techniques, paying attention to the in-depth discussion of fractal parameters and the significance of representation of damaged landscape. In order to provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the reconstruction and reconstruction of damaged land in open-pit mining area, we continue to explore the technical system of landscape planning of damaged land in mining area under the combination of landscape ecology and micro-topography, and other theories of reconstruction and reconstruction of damaged land in open-air mining area.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院;国土资源部土地整治重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“基于多重分形理论的黄土区大型露天煤矿排土场土壤重构机理与调控模式”(编号:41271528)资助~~
【分类号】：P901;X171.4

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