流域水环境信息管理系统的研究

发布时间：2019-04-11 09:30

【摘要】：随着我国经济快速发展的同时却不断出现环境污染和生态破坏的问题,流域水环境状况也日益恶化,对我国的可持续发展和人民的生产生活造成了巨大的压力。我国的流域水环境管理尚处于较低水平,管理部门职能交错导致信息闭塞,提高流域水环境管理水平迫在眉睫,建立流域水环境信息管理系统是提高流域水环境管理水平、解决流域水环境污染问题的重要技术手段。水环境信息管理系统处理的数据庞大而复杂,其功能模块和水质模型的设计复杂程度高,本论文基于计算机显示技术、水环境数学模型技术以及数据库技术研究了系统软件设计和水环境管理功能结构设计以及目前常用的水质模型方法,从流域水环境管理工作需求出发,建立了一个为流域水环境管理服务的流域水环境信息管理系统,该系统具有信息共享的基础功能和信息运算分析的专业应用功能。本文从系统软件设计需要的逻辑结构角度和环境研究的功能需求角度研究流域水环境信息管理系统的逻辑结构和应用功能,构建了流域水环境信息系统的框架模块和内容体系。选用单个因子评价与综合水质标识指数法相结合的方式,构建本系统的水环境质量评价模型,可实现对监测断面各污染因子的单因子评价和综合水质级别评价。根据污染源的类型选择相应的数学模型构建本系统的水质预测模型,间歇性排放污染源运用有限时段源模型,瞬间排放源运用瞬时点源模型,连续排放源运用连续点源模型,实现不同污染源排放方式受影响河段的污染物浓度的计算。以河流突发性COD污染事故为研究对象,建立了事故源定位方法。能测算控制河段各排污断面为事故源断面时相对应的控制断面上污染物浓度变化数值,确定实际事故源断面和事故源位置。根据流域水环境信息管理系统的设计目标对系统数据库进行了详细的设计。选择ArcView3.2作为系统开发环境,应用MapGIS地理信息系统采集空间数据建立系统空间数据库,采用Access2003数据库进行属性数据的管理建立了系统数据库。对流域水环境信息管理系统的登录界面和各模块操作界面进行了界面设计,构建了具有信息查询和运算分析双重功能的流域水环境管理信息系统的友好方便的界面。通过本文的研究,提高了流域水环境管理技术水平,为今后的水环境信息管理系统的设计提供了一定的参考和技术支持。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development of our country, environmental pollution and ecological destruction are constantly appearing at the same time, and the water environment of the watershed is deteriorating day by day, which has caused great pressure on the sustainable development of our country and the production and life of the people. The watershed water environment management in our country is still at a relatively low level. The interlaced functions of the management department lead to the blocking of information, so it is urgent to improve the water environment management level of the basin. The establishment of the watershed water environment information management system is to improve the water environment management level of the basin. The important technical means to solve the problem of water environment pollution in river basin. The data processed by water environment information management system is huge and complex, and the design of its function module and water quality model is very complex. This paper is based on computer display technology. The water environment mathematics model technology and the database technology have studied the system software design and the water environment management function structure design as well as the commonly used water quality model method at present, proceed from the basin water environment management work demand, A watershed water environment information management system for watershed water environment management is established. The system has the basic function of information sharing and the professional application function of information operation and analysis. In this paper, the logical structure and application function of watershed water environment information management system are studied from the point of view of logic structure and function requirement of environment research, and the framework module and content system of watershed water environment information system are constructed. Based on the combination of single factor evaluation and comprehensive water quality identification index method, the water environment quality assessment model of this system is constructed, which can realize the single factor evaluation and comprehensive water quality grade evaluation of each pollution factor in the monitoring section. According to the type of pollution source, the corresponding mathematical model is chosen to construct the water quality prediction model of the system. The intermittent emission source uses the finite time source model, the instantaneous emission source uses the instantaneous point source model, and the continuous discharge source uses the continuous point source model. The calculation of pollutant concentration in the reach affected by different discharge modes of pollution sources is realized. Taking the sudden COD pollution accident of river as the research object, the method of locating the accident source was established. In order to determine the actual fault source section and the location of the accident source, the pollutant concentration change value on the control section corresponding to the accident source section can be calculated and calculated in order to determine the actual accident source section and the location of the accident source. According to the design goal of watershed water environment information management system, the database of the system is designed in detail. ArcView3.2 is chosen as the developing environment of the system. The spatial database of the system is established by using the MapGIS GIS to collect the spatial data, and the system database is established by using the Access2003 database to manage the attribute data. The login interface and operating interface of each module of watershed water environment information management system are designed, and the friendly and convenient interface of watershed water environment management information system with double functions of information query and operation and analysis is constructed. Through the research of this paper, the technical level of watershed water environment management has been improved, and some reference and technical support have been provided for the design of water environment information management system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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