船舶低硫减排方案差异化研究

发布时间：2019-04-11 11:57

【摘要】：排放控制标准在陆地工业行业运用多年,而且控制标准亦日益严格。事实证明,在某些区域,航运业成为了硫化物和颗粒污染物的主要污染源。即使航运业是最为环境友好的交通运输方式,还是会有改进的空间。航运行业的首个硫化物排放规范始于2005年,给予船东足够多的时间来慢慢适应。最初,国际海事组织规范包含了两个排放控制区域;波罗的海和北海,以及距离北美海岸线200海里范围内的区域。现行船舶燃料油最高硫化物含量为1%,但是从2015年起将要执行0.1%的标准,将针对所有在上述海域航行的船舶。国际海事组织和欧盟,以及排放控制区域的相关当地法律规范将采取行动实施。成千上万航行在上述区域的船舶或者驶往欧洲或者北美的船舶将不得不去适应规范,更换船舶燃料或者淘汰重污染设备。如果船舶燃料换作MGO(船用轻柴油),不仅成本巨大,更可能包含风险。当人们对于HFO(船用重柴油)的需求降低时,两种油品之间的差价将变得更加巨大。对于固定航线的用户来首,LNG(液化天然气)也可以作为一种选择。现在LNG(液化天然气)技术的使用具有一定的局限性,同样基建成本和复杂的技术改造也将让一部分航运业者望而却步。对于其他可以替代的船舶燃料油品来说,需求量在将来也将因此而不断增长,相关油品的提供来源是否能够满足巨大的需求也是一个不小的挑战。更新并淘汰重污染的设备是最为灵活的选择,然而它也涉及到一个运营维护成本,但是回收成本的时间却是非常吸引人。
[Abstract]:Emission control standards have been used in land industry for many years, and control standards are increasingly stringent. Shipping has proved to be a major source of sulfides and particulate pollutants in some regions. Even if the shipping industry is the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation, there will still be room for improvement. The shipping industry's first sulfide emission code began in 2005, giving shipowners enough time to slowly adapt. Initially, the IMO code included two emission control areas: the Baltic and North Seas, and areas within 200 nautical miles of the North American coastline. The current marine fuel oil has a maximum sulphide content of 1 percent, but the 0.1 percent standard will be applied from 2015 onwards and will be targeted at all ships sailing in the above-mentioned waters. The International Maritime Organization and the European Union, as well as the relevant local legal norms in emission control areas, will take action to enforce them. Thousands of ships sailing in these areas or heading for Europe or North America will have to adapt to regulations, replace ship fuel or phase out heavy polluting equipment. If ship fuel is switched to MGO (marine light diesel), it may not only cost a lot, but also involve risks. When demand for HFO (marine heavy diesel) is reduced, the gap between the two types of oil will become even bigger. , LNG (liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also an option for users on fixed routes. At present, the use of LNG (liquefied natural gas) technology has some limitations, the same infrastructure costs and complex technological transformation will also discourage some shipping operators. For other alternative marine fuel products, the demand will also increase in the future, and it is also a challenge whether the supply source of the related oil products can meet the huge demand. Updating and phasing out heavily polluting equipment is the most flexible option, but it also involves an operating and maintenance cost, but the time to recover it is very attractive.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X736.3

【相似文献】