基于混凝—沉淀工艺的地表水厂生产废水处理的实验研究

发布时间：2019-05-05 13:39

【摘要】：净水厂在生产大量饮用水的同时,也会导致很多生产废水的形成,废水的来源主要包括生产废水和反冲洗废水。生产废水水量一般占净水厂总净水量8~10%。近年来,随着净水厂的数量和规模的不断增加,净水厂中生产废水的排放量也不断增大。在我国很多的净水厂生产废水基本不经过处理直接排放到水体中,造成了诸多环境问题。国家环保局文件明确表示,从2000年开始,新建或在建的大型净水厂生产废水需进行处理,达到相关标准后再进行排放。近几年对低温低浊水的处理越来越引起人们的重视,北方某市常年有大部分时间气温较低。因此,在北方某市某净水厂进行了低温低浊生产废水混凝处理研究。论文首先进行地表水净化工艺生产废水水量计算及水质分析,计算了生产废水的总量及反冲洗废水量,之后采用公式法、小试、现场测定和生产废水的系统监测这四种方法确定污泥量,并讨论了每种方法的适用情况。对地表水净化工艺生产废水的混凝处理机理进行研究,考虑了影响生产废水混凝效果的因素,包括:沉淀池生产废水中加药和不加药静沉实验研究;PAM对滤池反冲洗废水的沉降性研究,反冲洗废水本身的沉降性研究,滤池反冲洗废水和沉淀池生产废水混合沉降性实验研究。并对生产废水的最佳处理工艺进行了设计。同时在北方某市某净水厂进行了小试与中试试验。研究结果表明:不同混凝剂对生产废水的絮凝效果不同,试验中发现对于净水厂沉淀池生产废水的处理,应选用助凝剂PAM。对于某净水厂低温低浊水,其絮凝沉淀时间对混凝效果影响很大,絮凝沉淀时间越长混凝效果越好;净水厂污泥量的确定是后续生产废水的处理的前提。通过小试试验与中试试验确定了净水厂生产废水的最佳处理工艺,之后对生产废水的回用工艺和效益进行分析,说明了生产废水回用的必要性。
[Abstract]:Water purification plant not only produces a lot of drinking water, but also leads to the formation of a lot of production wastewater. The main sources of wastewater include production wastewater and backwashing wastewater. The production wastewater generally accounts for 8% of the total net water of the water purification plant. In recent years, with the increasing of the quantity and scale of water purification plants, the discharge of wastewater from water purification plants also increases. In China, many wastewater from water purification plants are discharged directly into water without treatment, resulting in many environmental problems. From 2000 onwards, wastewater from large new or under construction water purification plants will need to be treated and discharged after meeting relevant standards, according to the EPA document. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the treatment of low temperature and low turbidity water. Therefore, coagulation treatment of wastewater from low temperature and low turbidity production was carried out in a water purification plant in the north of China. In this paper, the quantity calculation and quality analysis of surface water purification process are carried out firstly, the total quantity of production wastewater and backwashing waste water are calculated, and then the formula method is used to test the waste water in a small scale. In-situ measurement and systematic monitoring of production wastewater are used to determine sludge quantity, and the application of each method is discussed. The coagulation mechanism of wastewater from surface water purification process was studied. The factors affecting the coagulation effect of wastewater were considered, including: the experimental study of adding medicine into the wastewater of sedimentation tank and static sedimentation of the wastewater without adding medicine; Study on sedimentation of backwashing wastewater by PAM, sedimentation of backwashing wastewater and mixed sedimentation of filter backwashing wastewater and sedimentation tank wastewater. At the same time, the optimum treatment process of production wastewater was designed. At the same time, a small-scale test and a pilot-scale test were carried out in a water purification plant in a northern city. The results show that different coagulants have different flocculating effect on production wastewater. It is found in the experiment that PAM. should be selected for the treatment of wastewater from sedimentation tank of water purification plant. For the low temperature and low turbidity water of a water purification plant, the flocculation sedimentation time has a great influence on the coagulation effect, and the longer the flocculation sedimentation time, the better the coagulation effect, and the determination of sludge quantity in the water purification plant is the premise of the treatment of the subsequent production wastewater. The optimum treatment process of wastewater from water purification plant was determined by small-scale test and pilot-scale test. After that, the reuse process and benefit of production wastewater were analyzed, and the necessity of reuse of production wastewater was explained.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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