天津典型湿地芦苇种群生产力和氮磷营养结构与环境因子的关系

发布时间：2019-05-12 14:51

【摘要】：天津芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地是东亚—澳大利亚候鸟迁徙必经之地,具有重要的生态功能。近几十年来,随着城市化进程的快速发展和人口的增加,天津地区水体咸化、氮污染等问题严重。调查了天津典型湿地七里海、北大港和大黄堡湿地芦苇种群地上部生物量、形态特征及氮、磷营养状况,探讨其与环境氮、磷营养和含盐量的关系,结果表明:(1)天津典型湿地芦苇种群地上部最大生物量变化范围为978~1 263 g·m-2,并未随样地间含盐量和氮含量等环境因子的变化而显著改变;(2)在最大生物量时期(8月),北大港湿地芦苇地上部氮含量和氮储量明显低于七里海和大黄堡;8月北大港湿地芦苇叶片氮磷比为12.48,氮限制植物生长;七里海和大黄堡湿地芦苇叶片氮磷比分别为14.89和15.72,氮、磷共同限制植物生长;(3)当前环境压力显著影响了芦苇地上部氮、磷营养状况。底泥含盐量增加可降低芦苇叶片氮、磷含量;随着底泥氮营养的增加,芦苇茎氮含量呈线性增加;而随着底泥磷营养的增加,芦苇叶和茎磷含量并未增加。虽然天津地表水体氮污染严重,但是氮而非磷成为芦苇生长的主要限制因子,天津芦苇湿地仍然具有吸纳环境氮污染物的潜力。
[Abstract]:Tianjin Reed (Phragmites australis) wetland is a necessary place for migratory birds from East Asia to Australia and has important ecological functions. In recent decades, with the rapid development of urbanization and the increase of population, Tianjin area water salinization, nitrogen pollution and other problems are serious. The biomass, morphological characteristics and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition status of Reed populations in typical wetlands of Tianjin were investigated, and the relationship between them and environmental nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and salt content was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the maximum biomass of Reed population in Tianjin typical wetland varied from 978 g 路m ~ (- 2) to 1.263 g 路m ~ (- 2), which did not change significantly with the changes of salt content and nitrogen content among plots. (2) during the maximum biomass period (August), the nitrogen content and nitrogen storage in the upper part of Reed in Beidagang wetland were significantly lower than those in Qilihai Sea and Rhuangbao, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in Reed leaves in Beidagang wetland was 12.48 in August, which limited the growth of plants. The N / P ratios of Reed leaves in Qilihai and Rhuangbao wetlands were 14.89 and 15.72, respectively, and nitrogen and phosphorus restricted plant growth. (3) the current environmental pressure significantly affected the nutrient status of nitrogen and phosphorus in the upper part of Reed. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in Reed leaves decreased with the increase of salt content in sediment, and the content of nitrogen in Reed stem increased linearly with the increase of nitrogen nutrition in sediment, while the content of phosphorus in leaves and stems of Reed did not increase with the increase of phosphorus nutrition in sediment. Although nitrogen pollution in Tianjin surface water body is serious, nitrogen rather than phosphorus has become the main limiting factor for Reed growth. Tianjin Reed wetland still has the potential to absorb environmental nitrogen pollutants.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室;天津师范大学生命科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31300357;41301096) 天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究项目(15JCQNJC08100) 天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划(TD12-5037) 天津师范大学校博士基金(52XB1209)
【分类号】：Q948;X173

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