四川丘陵农区地表水水质时空变化与污染现状评价

发布时间：2019-05-23 07:05

【摘要】：为分析四川丘陵典型农区种养格局对地表水水质的影响,于2013年3月至2015年2月,在四川丘陵区中江县选择响滩河7个监测断面和流域内4个研究点,研究了种植区、养殖区和种养混合区的地表水水体CODCr、TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N和TP的季节性变化规律与空间变化特征,并对地表水质污染现状进行评价。结果表明:响滩河7个监测断面枯水期主要污染物为CODCr、NH4+-N和TP,且分别比年平均值提高15.67%、59.35%和12.83%;丰水期主要污染物为TN,比年平均值提高19.27%。种养格局影响地表水中TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N和TP浓度的空间分布特征,不同区域之间养殖区种养混合区种植区;与种植区相比,生猪规模化养殖废污排放是造成种养混合区地表水污染的根本原因,其CODCr、TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N和TP浓度分别提高了17.79%、198.15%、132.10%、219.85%、567.57%。规模化养殖显著提高了地表水总污染指数,改变了地表水污染类型,种植区地表水污染类型为兼有CODCr污染的总氮污染型,而养殖区和种养结合区地表水均为兼有总磷污染的总氮污染型;种植区和种养混合区水质均达到劣Ⅴ类水质标准,种植区地表水为轻度污染,养殖区和受养殖业污染影响的种养混合区的地表水均为恶性污染,生猪集中养殖特别是规模化生猪养殖场废污排放加剧了受纳水体的污染程度。从水体污染治理角度,在种植区开展水土养分流失特别是氮素流失控制的同时,亟需加强区域生猪规模化养殖业粪污的无害化资源化循环利用技术研究与应用,以促进四川丘陵区规模养殖业健康发展与长江上游生态环境保护。
[Abstract]:In order to analyze the influence of planting and culture pattern on surface water quality in typical agricultural areas of Sichuan hilly areas, from March 2013 to February 2015, seven monitoring sections of Xiangtan River and four research points in watershed were selected in Zhongjiang County of Hilly region of Sichuan Province to study the planting area. The seasonal variation and spatial variation characteristics of CODCr,TN,NO3--N,NH4-N and TP in surface water bodies in aquaculture and breeding mixed areas were evaluated, and the present situation of surface water quality pollution was evaluated. The results showed that the main pollutants in the seven monitoring sections of Xiangtan River were CODCr,NH4-N and TP, which were 15.67%, 59.35% and 12.83% higher than the annual average, respectively. The main pollutants in high water season were TN, 19.27% higher than the annual average. The pattern of seed culture affected the spatial distribution characteristics of TN,NO3--N,NH4-N and TP concentrations in surface water, and the planting area in the mixed area of planting and culture in different culture areas. Compared with the planting area, the discharge of waste pollution from large-scale breeding of live pigs is the root cause of surface water pollution in the mixed area of breeding and breeding. The concentrations of CODCr,TN,NO3--N,NH4-N and TP increased by 17.79%, 198.15% and 132.10%, respectively. 219.85%, 567.57%. Large-scale culture has significantly improved the total pollution index of surface water and changed the type of surface water pollution. The type of surface water pollution in planting areas is the type of total nitrogen pollution with both CODCr pollution. The surface water in the culture area and the seed-culture combination area is the total nitrogen pollution type with both total phosphorus pollution and total phosphorus pollution. The water quality of the planting area and the seed-culture mixed area reached the inferior class V water quality standard, the surface water of the planting area was slightly polluted, and the surface water of the breeding area and the seed-culture mixed area affected by the aquaculture pollution was malignant pollution. The pollution degree of receiving water is aggravated by the discharge of waste pollution from live pig farming, especially from large-scale pig farms. From the point of view of water pollution control, while carrying out the control of soil and water nutrient loss, especially nitrogen loss, it is urgent to strengthen the research and application of harmless recycling technology of fecal pollution in large-scale pig breeding in the region. In order to promote the healthy development of large-scale aquaculture and the protection of ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Sichuan hilly region.
【作者单位】：四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07104-003) 国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B18) 农业部公益性行业科研专项项目(20150312702) 四川省公益性农业专项(2013NZ0028)
【分类号】：X52;X824

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