荒漠化治理中生态系统、社会经济系统协调发展问题探析——以中国北方半干旱荒漠区沙漠化防治为例

发布时间：2019-05-28 02:24

【摘要】：全球变暖导致的区域干旱使得干旱区水资源日益匮乏,而迅速增长的人口和社会经济发展进一步加剧水资源危机,使得有限的水资源成为全球沙漠化防治瓶颈,严重制约了沙化土地治理进程,影响了联合国"土地退化总面积零增长"目标的实现,也影响了中国社会经济的可持续和协调发展。传统的沙化土地治理生物措施重视植被盖度增加,忽视生态系统其他要素,如土壤水分、养分等与植被的相互关系,导致一些治理措施相对简单,生态系统不能协调发展。而沙化土地治理的物理措施和化学措施由于忽视了沙区社会和经济效益,其可持续性也受到科学家质疑。近期获批的国家重点研发计划项目"中国北方半干旱荒漠区沙漠化防治关键技术与示范"(2016YFC0500900)拟针对此问题开展研究,以沙化土地稳定恢复为首要目标,在认识半干旱荒漠区沙化土地正/逆过程演变机制和荒漠生态系统稳定性的基础上,研究沙化土地稳定恢复的生态阈值;以毛乌素沙地、库布齐沙漠东部、科尔沁沙地西部和呼伦贝尔沙地为典型区,针对不同沙化土地特点,研发防沙治沙关键技术,开展模式优化和试验示范;在防沙治沙模式与工程效益评估基础上,集成产业化技术体系,为国家防沙治沙工程建设提供理论基础与技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The regional drought caused by global warming has led to the increasing shortage of water resources in arid areas, and the rapidly growing population and socio-economic development have further exacerbated the water resources crisis, making the limited water resources the bottleneck of global desertification control, It has seriously restricted the process of desertification land governance, affected the realization of the United Nations goal of "zero growth of total land degradation area", and also affected the sustainable and coordinated development of China's social economy. The traditional biological measures of desertification land control attach importance to the increase of vegetation coverage and ignore the relationship between other elements of ecosystem, such as soil moisture, nutrients and vegetation, which leads to the relative simplicity of some control measures and the inability of ecosystem development. The physical and chemical measures of desertification land control have been questioned by scientists because they ignore the social and economic benefits of sandy areas. The recently approved national key R & D project "key techniques and demonstration of desertification control in semi-arid desert areas of northern China" (2016YFC0500900) intends to carry out research on this problem, with the stable restoration of desertification land as the primary objective. On the basis of understanding the evolution mechanism of positive / inverse process of desertification land and the stability of desert ecosystem in semi-arid desert area, the ecological threshold of stable restoration of desertification land was studied. Taking Maowusu sandy land, eastern Kubuqi desert, western Horqin sandy land and Hulunbeier sandy land as typical areas, the key technologies of sand control and control were developed according to the characteristics of different sandy land, and the model optimization and experimental demonstration were carried out. On the basis of sand control model and engineering benefit evaluation, the industrialization technical system is integrated to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of national sand control project.
【作者单位】：中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500909)
【分类号】：X171.4;S288

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