浙江省农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准研究

发布时间：2019-06-06 03:40

【摘要】：随着全国农村工作的推进,农村生活污水治理已成为近年来全国各省新农村建设、美丽乡村等一系列改善农村环境项目的主要治理对象,但是国家层面还未出台农村生活污水排放标准,不能为农村污水治理提供统一的评判标尺。当前,我国除宁夏、福建、山西、河北等个别省份制订出台了地方农村生活污水排放标准外,各地农村生活污水的排放主要参照相关标准执行,其中浙江省农村生活污水排放多援引《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002),《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)以及《城市污水再生利用农田灌溉水质标准》(GB20922-2007)。然而,所引标准的水质成分均与农村生活污水的水质成分存在明显差异,且控制项目都过多,以农村地区目前的技术经济和管理水平很难实现。因此,急需针对农村生活污水的特点制定出农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准。本论文以此为背景组织开展农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准的相关研究。本论文在全面深入地分析我国及浙江省农村水污染的现状,现有农村生活污水处理技术、研究国内外与农村生活污水处理相关的标准和技术规范的基础上,根据浙江省农村的实际地形地貌以及生活污水的处理技术,结合实际调研、检测等手段,进行污水排放特征解析。起草了浙江省《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB33/973-2015),并与2015年7月1号正式实施,标准确定出农村生活污水水污染物控制指标为pH、化学需氧量(CODCr)、氨氮、总磷、悬浮物、粪大肠菌群、动植物油共7项指标,同时规定了相应的排放限值,并进行了环境效益及技术经济分析。标准中执行一级、二级标准的排放限值分别为pH(6-9)、化学需氧量(CODCr)(60mg/L,100mg/L)、氨氮(15mg/L,25mg/L)、总磷(2mg/L,3mg/L)、悬浮物(SS)(20mg/L,30mg/L)、粪大肠菌群数(104个/L)、动植物油(3 mg/L,100mg/L),其中动植物油仅针对含农家乐废水的处理设施执行。本文提出了针对浙江省农村生活污水的排放标准以及对浙江农村生活污水处理现状的几点对策建议,在国内农村生活污水治理方面,具有一定的先进性和创新性。通过实地走访和后期评价,该标准在经济、技术上均具有可行性。该标准的制订不但为浙江省农村生活污水处理设施的监管提供了技术支撑,而且对其它省级甚至是国家级农村生活污水排放标准的制订具有借鉴和指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of rural work in China, the treatment of rural domestic sewage has become the main control object of a series of projects to improve the rural environment, such as the construction of new rural areas in various provinces and beautiful villages in China in recent years. However, the national level has not yet issued rural domestic sewage discharge standards, which can not provide a unified evaluation scale for rural sewage treatment. At present, in addition to Ningxia, Fujian, Shanxi, Hebei and other individual provinces, China has formulated and promulgated local rural domestic sewage discharge standards, and the discharge of rural domestic sewage in various localities is mainly implemented with reference to the relevant standards. Among them, the discharge Standard of pollutants from Urban sewage treatment plants (GB18918-2002) is mostly invoked in rural domestic sewage discharge in Zhejiang Province. Comprehensive sewage discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) and Municipal sewage Recycling farmland Irrigation Water quality Standard (GB20922-2007). However, the water quality composition of the cited standards is obviously different from that of rural domestic sewage, and there are too many control projects, so it is difficult to realize the current technical economy and management level in rural areas. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate the discharge standard of water pollutants from rural domestic sewage treatment facilities according to the characteristics of rural domestic sewage. Based on this background, this paper organizes the research on the discharge standard of water pollutants in rural domestic sewage treatment facilities. Based on the comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the present situation of rural water pollution in China and Zhejiang Province, the existing rural domestic sewage treatment technology, and the study of domestic and foreign standards and technical specifications related to rural domestic sewage treatment, this paper studies the domestic and foreign standards and technical specifications related to rural domestic sewage treatment. According to the actual topography and geomorphology of rural areas of Zhejiang Province and the treatment technology of domestic sewage, combined with the actual investigation, detection and other means, the characteristics of sewage discharge are analyzed. The Zhejiang Province Water Pollutant discharge Standard for Rural domestic sewage treatment facilities (DB33/973-2015) was drafted and formally implemented on July 1, 2015. The control index of rural domestic sewage water pollutants was determined to be pH,. Chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended matter, fecal coliform group, animal and vegetable oil seven indexes, at the same time stipulated the corresponding emission limit value, and carried on the environmental benefit and the technical and economic analysis. The emission limits of the second standard are pH (6), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) (60 mg 路L, 100 mg 路L), ammonia nitrogen (15 mg / L, 25 mg / L), total phosphorus (2 mg / L, 3 mg / L), and the emission limits of the second standard are as follows: (CODCr) (60mg / L, 100mg / L), ammonia nitrogen (15mg / L, 25mg / L), total phosphorus (2mg / L, 3mg / L), The suspended substance (SS) (20 mg / L, 30 mg 路L), the number of fecal coliform bacteria (10 4 / L), animal and vegetable oil (3 mg/L,100mg/L), in which the animal and vegetable oil was only carried out for the treatment facilities containing Nongjiale wastewater. This paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the discharge standard of rural domestic sewage in Zhejiang Province and the present situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province, which is advanced and innovative in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in China. Through field visits and post-evaluation, the standard is economically and technically feasible. The formulation of this standard not only provides technical support for the supervision of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities in Zhejiang Province, but also has reference and guiding significance for the formulation of other provincial and even national rural domestic sewage discharge standards.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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