毛皮染色废水生化处理技术及过程中微生物群落演替的研究

发布时间：2019-06-11 11:20

【摘要】：毛皮染色废水是一种高盐度、难降解、高污染的工业废水,传统生化法对这一类废水的处理效果很不理想。本论文主要研究了一些生化处理工艺对毛皮染色废水的处理,并在此基础上采用生物强化法深入探究毛皮染色废水生化处理所能达到的极限值,同时研究了在废水处理过程中对活性污泥中微生物群落结构的影响,描述微生物群落的演替过程。本研究首先采用三种不同废水处理工艺在相似操作运行参数下对毛皮染色废水进行处理,并利用T-RFLP技术观察不同处理工艺下活性污泥中细菌群落的多样性及群落结构的变化。结果表明,在四种处理工艺中,HA-SBR法效果最好,其CODCr、BOD5及NH4+-N的去除率分别可以达到92.75%、94%和93.59%。T-RFLP分析表明,变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是活性污泥中的优势种群,但不同处理工艺下所占比例明显不同。活性污泥中常见的如假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)能有效的生存并对废水的处理起到积极的作用。黄杆菌属能够耐受这种高盐度的毛皮染色废水并良好生长。不同处理工艺下微生物群落多样性同NH4+-N浓度关系最为密切。本论文还使用两种生物强化的方法对毛皮染色废水进行处理工艺研究。首先,本论文发现在常规活性污泥法的基础上,向活性污泥中添加营养物质、改变活性污泥中碳氮比能够增加活性污泥中微生物的数量并改变活性污泥的微生物群落结构,从而可以促进活性污泥对废水的处理效果。结果表明,C/N=5:1时CODCr去除效果最好,其对废水CODCr的去除率达90%左右,远远优于常规的活性污泥法,此时活性污泥的脱氢酶浓度及EPS的分析也验证了这一点,即脱氢酶浓度及EPS中蛋白质的含量越高,多糖含量越低,废水处理效果越好。其次,本论文尝试微生物菌剂直投及菌剂强化活性污泥的方法对废水进行处理,通过设计正交试验,在菌液投加量为5%(V/V)、0h一次投加、外加营养物C/N为5:1、进水p H为5的条件下,CODCr去除率可以达90%以上,这个实验结果是远高于常规的活性污泥法的。同时,对出水中微生物进行分离培养,结果显示主要菌种仍为复合菌剂组成菌株,说明本研究所制备复合菌剂在处理毛皮染色污水时具备稳定性。通过T-RFLP分析可知,两种方法均能能够有效增加假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属所占比例,而这两种细菌能够有效的利用废水中的难降解有机物而生长,从而对废水处理起到积极作用。
[Abstract]:Fur dyeing wastewater is a kind of industrial wastewater with high salinity, refractory degradation and high pollution. The traditional biochemical method is not ideal for the treatment of this kind of wastewater. In this paper, the treatment of fur dyeing wastewater by some biochemical treatment processes was studied, and on this basis, the limit value of biochemical treatment of fur dyeing wastewater was deeply explored by biological strengthening method. At the same time, the effect of wastewater treatment on the structure of microbial community in activated sludge was studied, and the succession process of microbial community was described. In this study, three different wastewater treatment processes were used to treat fur dyeing wastewater under similar operation parameters. T-RFLP technique was used to observe the diversity and community structure of bacterial community in activated sludge under different treatment processes. The results showed that among the four treatment processes, HA-SBR method had the best effect, and the removal rates of CODCr,BOD5 and NH4-N could reach 92.75% respectively. 94% and 93.59%.T-RFLP analysis showed that Proteus (Proteobacteria), was the best method. (Firmicutes) and (Bacteroidetes) are the dominant populations in activated sludge, but the proportion is obviously different under different treatment processes. The common activated sludge, such as Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) and Bacillus (Bacillus), can survive effectively and play an active role in the treatment of wastewater. Flavobacillus can tolerate this high salinity fur dyeing wastewater and grow well. The diversity of microbial community was most closely related to the concentration of NH4-N under different treatment conditions. In this paper, two biological strengthening methods were also used to treat fur dyeing wastewater. First of all, on the basis of conventional activated sludge method, it is found that adding nutrients to activated sludge and changing the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in activated sludge can increase the number of microorganisms in activated sludge and change the microbial community structure of activated sludge. Thus, the treatment effect of activated sludge on wastewater can be promoted. The results showed that the removal effect of CODCr was the best in C/N=5:1, and the removal rate of CODCr in wastewater was about 90%, which was much better than that of conventional activated sludge process. The dehydrogenase concentration of activated sludge and the analysis of EPS also verified this. That is, the higher the concentration of dehydrogenase and the content of protein in EPS, the lower the content of polysaccharide, the better the effect of wastewater treatment. Secondly, this paper tries to treat the wastewater by direct injection of microbial agents and enhanced activated sludge. Through orthogonal test, the dosage of bacteria solution is 5% (V 鈮，

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