基于LCA的风力发电、光伏发电及燃煤发电的环境负荷分析

发布时间：2019-07-23 15:01

【摘要】：基于生命周期评价理论,建立风力发电、光伏发电及燃煤发电的生命周期评价体系,研究生命周期各阶段的环境负荷并进行对比分析.结果表明:在电厂建设阶段,燃煤发电碳足迹最低,为1.94g/(kW·h),风力发电碳足迹最高,为9.42g/(kW·h).在发电运营阶段,光伏发电碳足迹几乎为零,风力发电碳足迹为0.2g/(kW·h),燃煤发电机组碳足迹最高,为83.3g/(kW·h).风力发电和光伏发电在电厂建设阶段碳足迹占比较高,分别为99.4%和99.78%;燃煤发电在发电运营阶段碳足迹占比最高,为96.13%.在整个生命周期中对全球变暖影响最大的是燃煤发电,为3.63×10~(-5)标准当量,影响最小的是风力发电,为7.9×10~(-7)标准当量;对环境酸化影响最大的是光伏发电,为6.7×10~(-6)标准当量,影响最小的是风力发电,为1.6×10~(-7)标准当量;风力发电和光伏发电的固体废弃物排放几乎为零.
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of life cycle assessment, the life cycle evaluation system of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and coal-fired power generation is established, and the environmental load of each stage of the life cycle is studied and compared and analyzed. The results show that the carbon footprint of coal-fired power generation at the stage of power plant construction is 1.94 g/ (kW 路 h), and the carbon footprint of wind power generation is up to 9.42 g/ (kW 路 h). In the power generation and operation stage, the carbon footprint of the photovoltaic power generation is almost zero, the carbon footprint of the wind power generation is 0.2g/ (kW 路 h), the carbon footprint of the coal-fired generating set is the highest, and it is 83.3 g/ (kW 路 h). The carbon footprint of the wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in the construction stage of the power plant is relatively high, which is 99.4% and 99.78%, respectively, and the carbon footprint of the coal-fired power generation in the power generation and operation stage is up to 96.13%. The biggest impact on global warming in the whole life cycle is the coal-fired power generation, the standard equivalent of 3.63-10-(-5), the minimum impact is the wind power generation, the standard equivalent of 7.9-10-(-7), the most important to the environmental acidification is the photovoltaic power generation, the standard equivalent of 6.7-10-(-6), the least impact is the wind power generation, And the solid waste discharge of the wind power generation and the photovoltaic power generation is almost zero.
【作者单位】：华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院;河北软件职业技术学院;河北工程大学水电学院;
【基金】：河北省科技厅资助项目(16455203D) 河北省教育厅基金资助项目(QN2015108) 博士科研启动基金资助项目(20120134) 邯郸市科技局基金资助项目(1528102058-2)
【分类号】：X82

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