水泥厂废旧除尘布袋制备活性炭及其吸附性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 23:55

  本文选题：废旧除尘布袋　切入点：活性炭　出处：《广东工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水泥行业粉尘污染十分严重,在粉尘治理过程中经常用到袋式除尘器,而布袋作为除尘器的核心,因其使用寿命有限,每年都会更换大量的废旧除尘布袋。目前,这些废旧布袋并没有得到安全有效的处理。本文以广东龙门县某水泥厂的废旧布袋为研究对象,对其进行工业分析及元素分析。采用热重分析方法(TG-DTG),在高纯氮气下对废旧布袋进行热重分析。分析结果表明：布袋的材质主要为涤纶,挥发分含量高达88.35%,碳元素含量达62.77%,固定碳含量为9.43%。废旧布袋的热解过程可分为脱水干燥、炭化热解、煅烧分解三个阶段,废旧布袋有较高的热稳定性,其热解过程分布在一个比较窄的温度范围内,主要分布在370℃至535℃。以废旧布袋为原料,KOH为活化剂,通过正交试验和单因素试验,考察了碱炭比、活化温度、活化时间和炭化温度对活性炭吸附性能(碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值)及产率的影响。利用物理混合和碱液浸渍两种不同的前处理方式制得了活性炭样品,确定了其最佳制备工艺条件,物理混合的最佳制备工艺条件为：碱炭比3、活化温度700℃、活化时间50 min、炭化温度500℃。该条件下制备的活性炭性能最佳,其碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和产率分别为1455.07 mg/g,100.5 mg/g和17.54%。碱液浸渍的最佳制备工艺条件为：浸渍比3、活化温度750℃、活化时间70 min。其最佳样品的碘吸附值为1047.49 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为127.5 mg/g,产率为22.11%。采用全自动孔径分析仪,在77K下测定两种最佳活性炭的N2等温线,通过BET方程、t-polt法和BJH法计算及分析其比表面积、孔体积和孔径分布等基础数据。采用SEM以及FTIR等分析方法对活性炭样品进行表征,分析其表面形貌。结果显示：物理混合制备的活性炭比表面积高达1586.7m2/g,总孔容达0.802 cm3/g,平均孔径为2.022 nm。而碱液浸渍制备的活性炭比表面积达1086.3m2/g,总孔容达1.298cm3/g,平均孔径为4.778 nm。物理混合对微孔影响较大,而碱液浸渍对中孔影响较大。氮气吸附等温线表明,活性炭样品的吸附等温线属于Ⅰ型等温线,孔径分布以微孔为主。FTIR结果表明,废旧布袋经过热解炭化之后,许多表面官能团消失或发生较大的变化。SEM结果表明,活性炭表面粗糙,有较多的孔隙结构。利用制备的活性炭样品去吸附模拟刚果红废水,并与商品活性炭进行比较。吸附试验表明,投加量为10g/L,原水pH值,溶液温度为30℃,吸附时间为90 min的条件下,各活性炭样品对刚果红的吸附效果最佳,去除率都在80%以上。结果还表明,本试验制备的活性炭样品性能普遍要优于普通商品活性炭样品。
[Abstract]:Dust pollution in cement industry is very serious. Bag dust remover is often used in the dust treatment process. As the core of dust collector, cloth bag, because of its limited service life, will replace a large number of waste dust removal bags every year. At present, These waste cloth bags have not been treated safely and effectively. This paper takes the waste cloth bags of a cement factory in Longmen County, Guangdong Province, as the research object. The industrial analysis and elemental analysis were carried out. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) method was used to analyze the waste cloth bag in high purity nitrogen. The results showed that the material of the bag was mainly polyester fiber. The volatile content is as high as 88.35, the carbon content is 62.77 and the fixed carbon content is 9.43. The pyrolysis process of the waste cloth bag can be divided into three stages: dehydration and drying, carbonization pyrolysis, calcination and decomposition. The waste cloth bag has high thermal stability. The pyrolysis process was distributed in a relatively narrow temperature range, mainly from 370 鈩，

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