石化装置有害气体泄漏检测优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 07:20

本文选题：石化装置 + 泄漏场景集　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石油炼化企业极易发生有害气体泄漏,给周围环境和人员带来了巨大的损害;同时我国各类大型石化企业大规模兴建,如何保证害气体探测器合理布置,最大限度减小泄漏风险也是一个亟待解决的科学问题。当前我国有害气体泄漏检测优化研究尚为薄弱,亟需进行相关研究。本文结合山东省自然科学基金课题(ZR2012EEQ026)“高硫原油加工装置硫化氢泄漏检测优化研究”以及中央高校基本科研业务经费专项资金资助项目(13CX02079A)“化工装置气体检测报警仪布置优化方法研究”,系统开展石化装置有害气体泄漏检测优化研究,为提高石化装置安全生产保障能力和风险管理水提供理论支撑和技术保障。1.石化装置有害气体泄漏场景集构建以典型石化装置H_2s泄漏为例,结合生产工艺辨识出所有包含H_2s危险物料的工艺设备,利用LEAK软件构建石化装置泄漏风险模型,分别计算出小、中、大和破裂泄漏孔径尺寸泄漏概率,为石化装置泄漏源集构建提供支持;以风场作为主要因素,对过去10年间的气象统计资料进行统计,得出基于风向风速联合概率分布的风场集。以泄漏源集和风场集为基础,构建石化装置有害气体泄漏场景集和场景概率集。2.石化装置有害气体泄漏区域风险等级划分以有害气体泄漏场景集为对象,借助CFD模拟和数据处理,进行有害气体泄漏区域风险等级划分。建立了石化装置有害气体泄漏精细CFD模型,对各泄漏场景进行泄漏模拟计算。以各场景气体泄漏扩散浓度场为指标,预测有害气体泄漏后果,并基于场景概率和泄漏后果,得到表征各场景有害气体泄漏区域风险的区域风险矩阵。对各场景风险矩阵累加,据此划分了石化装置有害气体泄漏区域风险等级。3.基于区域危险等级的有害气体探测器布置优化以区域风险等级划分为基础,利用装置分区域探测器布置的方法开展探测器优化布置。依据设备布局特点将石化装置划分为12个探测区域,并通过借鉴LEC法,利用各区域风险等级系数与人员有害气体暴露频率赋分的方法,确定出各区域有害气体探测器数量;在各探测区域布置大量监测点作为备选点,以CFD模拟为基础,以各监测点不同场景下有害气体浓度为指标,考虑不同场景发生概率,对各探测区域监测点探测效率评估排序,选出最佳H_2s探测器布置位置及数量作为最终布置方案。
[Abstract]:It is easy for petroleum refining and chemical enterprises to leak harmful gas, which brings great damage to the surrounding environment and personnel. At the same time, how to ensure the reasonable arrangement of harmful gas detectors in large-scale construction of various large petrochemical enterprises in China,Minimizing the risk of leakage is also a scientific problem to be solved.At present, the research on the optimization of hazardous gas leakage detection is still weak in China.Combined with Shandong Natural Science Foundation project ZR2012EEQ026) "hydrogen sulfide leakage detection optimization study of high sulfur crude oil processing unit" and the central university basic scientific research business fund special fund support project "chemical plant gas detection report"Study on the Optimization method of alarm layout ",In order to provide theoretical and technical support for improving the safety capacity of petrochemical plant and risk management water, the system carried out the optimization study of harmful gas leakage detection in petrochemical plant.Construction of harmful Gas leakage scene set of Petrochemical Plant taking H2s leakage of typical petrochemical plant as an example, combined with production process to identify all process equipment containing H2s hazardous materials, using LEAK software to construct petrochemical unit leakage risk model, and calculate the small leakage risk model, respectively.The leakage probability of the size of the diameters of the large and ruptured leak provides support for the construction of the leak source set of petrochemical units. The meteorological statistical data of the past 10 years have been counted with the wind field as the main factor.The wind field set based on the joint probability distribution of wind direction and wind speed is obtained.Based on the leakage source set and wind field set, the scene set and scenario probability set of harmful gas leakage in petrochemical plant are constructed.CFD simulation and data processing are used to classify the regional risk level of harmful gas leakage in petrochemical plant.The fine CFD model of harmful gas leakage in petrochemical plant is established, and the leakage simulation of each leakage scenario is carried out.Based on the results of scenario probability and leakage effect, the regional risk matrix representing the regional risk of harmful gas leakage in each scenario is obtained by using the gas leakage diffusion concentration field of each scenario as an index.The risk matrix of each scenario is accumulated and the risk grade of hazardous gas leakage area of petrochemical plant is divided into 3. 3.The layout optimization of harmful gas detectors based on the regional hazard level is based on the regional risk classification, and the optimal layout of the detectors is carried out by using the method of the device sub-area detector layout.According to the characteristics of the equipment layout, the petrochemical unit is divided into 12 detection areas. By using the LEC method, the number of harmful gas detectors in each region is determined by using the risk grade coefficient of each region and the exposure frequency of harmful gas exposure frequency of personnel to determine the number of harmful gas detectors in each region.A large number of monitoring points are arranged as alternative points in each detection area. Based on the CFD simulation, the harmful gas concentration in different scenarios is taken as the index, and the probability of occurrence of different scenarios is considered to evaluate the detection efficiency of each detection area.The optimal location and quantity of H2s detector are selected as the final arrangement.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ050.7;TQ086

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