BT40型高速、高精度直联式加工中心机械主轴单元研制

发布时间：2018-08-25 20:01

【摘要】：装备制造业是国民经济的支柱产业,是体现一个国家综合实力的因素之一。装备制造业的基础就在于机床,高精度高效率的机床是产品质量的保证,而集精度与效率于一体的机床就是加工中心。主轴单元是机床的主要组成部件之一,机床加工工件是由主轴单元夹持着工件或刀具旋转实现的,所以,主轴单元的精度对机床的精度有着重要的影响。加工中心机械主轴单元是带有松拉刀机构、由伺服电机拖动、能带动加工工具高速旋转的高刚度、高精度、模块化的功能部件,对加工中心的质量和生产率有着重要的影响。本论文针对市场对高速度、高精度的加工中心主轴单元的实际工程需求,经过分析比较和理论计算,研制了一套高速、高精度直联式机械主轴单元,研究工作对我国加工中心研发具有重要意义。本文的主要研究工作如下:针对工程需求,提出了主轴单元的设计要求,并对主轴单元进行了总体设计方案论证。通过论证,确定了机械主轴单元、直联式结构、BT40刀柄和松拉刀方案。选用P2级角接触陶瓷球轴承,两两串联、整体背对背的4列滚动轴承组合结构,轻预紧、油脂润滑。主轴单元套筒设计循环水冷却方式。设计计算了主轴单元轴系结构的主要参数。根据已确定的滚动轴承组合结构,设计计算了轴承组合的最佳支承跨距和主轴径向刚度;对主轴锥孔径向跳动、定心轴颈径向跳动、主轴轴向窜动精度和前后压盖联接螺钉强度进行了验算;采用慕贝尔公司编制的软件,对碟簧的型号、数量、打刀行程以及打刀力等进行了计算,确定了碟簧型号和数量。编制了主轴单元的主要零件的制造工艺,对零件加工过程中遇到的难点进行了详细的论证,并提出了针对性的工艺措施。根据主要零件尺寸精度检测结果,编制了主轴单元的装配工艺,并在装配过程中对隔套的长度配合尺寸进行反复调整,得到了符合刚度要求的主轴单元。对研制的主轴单元进行了几何精度和综合精度检测,主要检测内容包括:主轴内锥孔跳动、近主轴端跳动、300mm处跳动、主轴轴向窜动、温升检测、振动检测、噪声检测、静刚度检测、拉刀实验、主轴轴向误差运动检测、主轴径向误差运动检测和主轴倾斜运动误差检测。对检测结果和设计计算结果进行了核对,发现了计算误差规律。
[Abstract]:Equipment manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of national economy and one of the factors that reflect the comprehensive strength of a country. The foundation of equipment manufacturing industry is machine tool. The machine tool with high precision and high efficiency is the guarantee of product quality, and the machine tool which integrates precision and efficiency is the machining center. The spindle unit is one of the main components of the machine tool. The machining workpiece is realized by the spindle unit holding the workpiece or the tool rotating. Therefore, the precision of the spindle unit has an important influence on the accuracy of the machine tool. The spindle unit of machining center is a kind of high rigidity, high precision and modularization functional unit with loose broach mechanism, which is driven by servo motor. It has an important influence on the quality and productivity of machining center. According to the market demand for high speed and high precision spindle unit of machining center, a set of high speed and high precision direct spindle unit is developed through analysis, comparison and theoretical calculation. The research work has the important significance to our country processing center research and development. The main research work of this paper is as follows: according to the engineering requirements, the design requirements of the spindle unit are put forward, and the overall design scheme of the spindle unit is demonstrated. Through demonstration, the mechanical spindle unit, the straight-connected structure BT40 cutter handle and the loose broach scheme are determined. Select P2 grade angular contact ceramic ball bearing, two in series, the whole back to back four row rolling bearing combination structure, light preload, grease lubrication. Main shaft unit sleeve design circulating water cooling mode. The main parameters of shafting structure of spindle unit are designed and calculated. According to the determined rolling bearing combination structure, the optimum support span and spindle radial stiffness of bearing combination are designed and calculated, and the radial runout of spindle cone hole and centering journal is calculated. The axial movement precision of the spindle and the strength of the joint screw of the front and rear cover are checked and calculated, and the type, quantity, stroke and force of the disc spring are calculated by the software compiled by Mubel Company, and the type and quantity of the disc spring are determined. The manufacturing process of the main parts of the spindle unit is worked out, the difficulties encountered in the machining process of the parts are demonstrated in detail, and the corresponding technological measures are put forward. According to the measuring results of the main parts' dimension precision, the assembly process of the spindle unit is worked out, and the length matching size of the spacer sleeve is adjusted repeatedly during the assembly process, and the spindle unit that meets the requirement of rigidity is obtained. The geometric accuracy and comprehensive precision of the developed spindle unit are tested. The main detection contents include: the beat of the inner cone hole of the spindle, the beat of 300 mm near the end of the spindle, the axial movement of the spindle, the temperature rise detection, the vibration detection, the noise detection, the measurement of the axial movement of the spindle, the detection of temperature rise, the detection of vibration and the detection of noise. Static stiffness test, broach experiment, spindle axial error motion detection, spindle radial error motion detection and spindle tilt motion error detection. Check the test result and design calculation result and find the law of calculation error.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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