基于LCA温拌沥青路面建设期节能减排效果及经济性评价

发布时间：2018-01-02 01:06

本文关键词：基于LCA温拌沥青路面建设期节能减排效果及经济性评价　出处：《重庆交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高等级公路沥青路面建设需要消耗大量的道路用材和化石燃料,排放大量的有毒有害气体导致环境问题日益凸显而受到社会广泛关注。然而,目前我国针对沥青路面建设期的能耗与排放多采用定性评价,缺乏科学、系统的量化评价体系,无法明确废气排放的环境经济效益,阻碍了温拌节能技术的推广及应用。生命周期评价(LCA)作为一套评估产品整个生命周期内对环境影响的评价方法,综合考虑了产品“从摇篮到坟墓”不同阶段的能耗与排放,为促进生产企业与管理部门重视沥青路面的节能减排问题,实现低碳环保的可持续发展提供了理论支撑。在“节约能源,保护环境,实现可持续发展”的强烈时代呼声下,针对温拌沥青路面建设期的节能减排效果及经济性评价显得十分必要。论文首先回顾了沥青路面能耗与废气排放的国内外研究现状,采用文献调研和实地考察等方法分析了沥青路面建设期能源产品、筑路材料和施工机械的清单数据结果。运用国际环境毒理学与化学学会生命周期分析框架将沥青路面建设期划分为原材料生产、原材料运输、混合料生产、混合料施工4个阶段,确定了各阶段的计算范围与边界条件,并建立模型对比分析了温拌沥青与热拌沥青的能耗与排放。采用热动力学的基本理论方法计算分析在不同拌和温度、含水率、油石比情况下对温拌沥青混合料生产阶段能耗与排放的影响,核算拌和站“油改气”升级改造后的能耗与排放量,充分挖掘混合料生产阶段的减排潜力。其次,借助丹麦工业产品环境设计提出的生命周期环境影响评价方法(LCIA),将六种主要废气分为全球变暖、光化学烟雾、富营养化、酸化4类环境影响,由各自的特征化因子出发建立模型核算了相应的环境影响情况。运用标准化和加权两个可选LCIA步骤统一了GWP、EP、POCP、AP的量纲,对比分析了温拌和热拌沥青路面建设期加权后环境影响潜力人当量值,给出了环境影响严重程度次序。最后,采用综合单价法核算了沥青路面建设成本。结合资源与环境经济学理论确定环境成本社会支付意愿和环境成本计算模型,弥补了长期以来LCA方法的不足。运用投入产出比、单位产值能耗、单位产值CO2排放技术指标对比分析了温拌和热拌沥青路面的综合经济成本,通过博弈论的收益矩阵指出温拌技术存在“囚徒困境”的特征,并探讨了温拌技术推广应用的建议。
[Abstract]:High grade highway asphalt pavement construction needs to consume a large number of road materials and fossil fuels, emissions of a large number of toxic and harmful gases leading to increasingly prominent environmental problems. At present, in view of the energy consumption and emission of asphalt pavement construction, qualitative evaluation is mostly used in our country, which is lack of scientific and systematic quantitative evaluation system, and it is unable to define the environmental and economic benefits of exhaust gas emissions. Life cycle Assessment (LCA) as a set of assessment methods for evaluating the impact on the environment throughout the life cycle of products is a hindrance to the promotion and application of warm mix energy saving technology. The energy consumption and emission in different stages of product "from cradle to grave" are considered synthetically, in order to promote the production enterprises and management departments to attach importance to the problem of energy saving and emission reduction of asphalt pavement. The realization of low-carbon environmental sustainable development provides theoretical support. In the "energy conservation, environmental protection, achieve sustainable development" strong voice of the times. It is necessary to evaluate the energy saving and emission reduction effect and economic efficiency of warm mix asphalt pavement during the construction period. Firstly, the paper reviews the domestic and foreign research status of asphalt pavement energy consumption and exhaust gas emissions. The energy products during the construction period of asphalt pavement are analyzed by the methods of literature investigation and field investigation. Using the life cycle analysis framework of the International Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, the asphalt pavement construction period is divided into raw material production, raw material transportation and mixture production. The calculation range and boundary conditions of each stage are determined in four stages of mixture construction. The energy consumption and emission of warm asphalt and hot mix asphalt were compared and analyzed by using the basic theoretical method of thermodynamics to calculate and analyze the temperature and moisture content of the mixture. The effect of oil stone ratio on energy consumption and emission of warm mix asphalt mixture in production stage, calculating the energy consumption and emissions after upgrading and reforming "oil to gas" in mixing station, and fully excavating the potential of reducing emission in the production stage of mixture. With the help of the life cycle environmental impact assessment method proposed by Danish industrial product environment design, six main kinds of exhaust gas were classified into global warming, photochemical smog, eutrophication and acidification. Based on the characteristic factors, a model was established to calculate the environmental impact. The dimensions of the LCIA were unified by using the two optional steps of standardization and weighting. This paper compares and analyzes the human lifetime value of environmental impact potential after the construction period of warm mixing and hot mix asphalt pavement, and gives the order of environmental impact severity. Finally. The cost of asphalt pavement construction is calculated by the method of comprehensive unit price, and the social willingness to pay environmental cost and the calculation model of environmental cost are determined by combining the theory of resources and environmental economics. Using the input-output ratio, energy consumption per unit output value and the technical index of CO2 emission per unit output value, the comprehensive economic cost of warm mixing and hot mix asphalt pavement is analyzed. Through the income matrix of game theory, this paper points out the characteristics of "prisoner's dilemma" in warm mixing technology, and discusses the suggestions for the popularization and application of warm mixing technology.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U414

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