冰雪条件下信号交叉口通行能力研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 07:06

本文关键词：冰雪条件下信号交叉口通行能力研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冰雪天气是我国北方冬季普遍会遇到的气候现象，冰雪天气包括降雪状态和冰冻状态。在降雪期间，雪花影响驾驶员视线，降低路面摩擦系数，车辆行驶环境恶劣，驾驶员驾驶舒适性变差、操作变复杂；在降雪之后，路面在昼夜交替时结冰，驾驶员在信号交叉口红绿灯转换之间制动操作复杂、舒适度降低；这些情况都容易使驾驶员出现精神紧张、视觉疲劳等不舒适感觉，交通运行效率与行车安全性均较正常路面低。国内外研究表明，开展冰雪条件下信号交叉口通行能力的研究对于道路规划、防灾抗灾、提高路网运行效率有着重要作用。根据降雪强度分别研究了正常天气、小雪、中雪、大雪、暴雪天气下冰雪路面的基本特征，并根据调查数据分析了冰雪条件对路段通行能力的影响。分别建立了降雪条件下能见度同降雪强度、摩擦系数与降雪厚度、摩擦系数同冰冻强度的关系模型，同时建立了降雪和冰冻条件下路段车流速度模型。将冰雪路面分为降雪条件、冰冻条件、降雪和冰冻条件，在此基础上剖析了冰雪条件下信号交叉口的交通流特性模式，通过交通调研、数据分析，研究不同冰雪条件下的路面特性和信号交叉口的交通流特性，包括冰雪条件下速度、路面摩擦系数、穿越间隙等，进行不同冰雪条件下的相互比较以及同正常天气条件相应特性的研究对比。从交叉口信号控制出发，分别研究了信号周期时长和绿信比的优化方法，以冰雪条件下的排队长度为判定依据，引入信号交叉口需要优化的判定矩阵，从而确立冰雪条件下信号配时中的周期时长和绿灯时长优化方案，并考虑实际冰雪条件下驾驶的难度和车辆运行特征，采用轨迹法和车辆速度特征优化黄灯时长，完成冰雪条件下信号交叉口的配时优化方案。以哈尔滨市典型交叉口嵩山路-淮河路和红旗大街-淮河路的数据为例，利用Vissim仿真软件对优化方案进行仿真研究。以冰雪条件为出发点，在信号配时优化的基础上，分析研究了影响交叉口通行能力的主要因素，包括气候因素、车道功能因素和车道宽度因素。在此基础上，分别基于HCM法和停车线法对信号交叉口通行能力的计算模型进行了修正。在HCM法的基础上，将影响冰雪条件下信号交叉口通行能力的因素综合考虑，标定了冰雪条件下影响信号交叉口通行能力的综合参数；在停车线法的基础上，对各参数进行标定，按照降雪天气和冰冻条件进行分类研究各参数，并给出了各种状态下的参数值。通过修正后的模型计算降雪、冰冻以及降雪和冰冻条件下信号交叉口的通行能力，并对模型计算结果和实际观测值进行比较。标定了冰雪条件下信号交叉口的延误模型，主要反映在能见度和摩擦系数对服务水平的影响上，并将其作为信号交叉口服务水平评价的一个重要指标。通过调查数据的整理分析，，建立了冰雪条件下信号交叉口车辆到达率的修正系数，其主要考核因素为能见度和摩擦系数，最后标定了不同权重下该修正系数的各个参数。在现有服务水平评价体系基础上，从层次分析的角度建立了冰雪条件下信号交叉口服务水平评价的指标体系，提出了评价标准建议。最后对“十”字型信号交叉口和“T”字型信号交叉口在冰雪条件下的服务水平进行了评价，验证信号配时优化后冰雪条件下交叉口服务水平的变化。
[Abstract]:The weather is a weather phenomenon in North China commonly encountered in the ice and snow weather, including snow and snow. In the frozen state during the snow affect driver's line of sight, reduce road friction coefficient, vehicle driving environment, driving comfort becomes poor, the operation is complex; in the snow, ice road in the alternation of day and night. The driver in lipstick signal cross green conversion brake complex operation, reduce the comfort of; these are easy to make the driver appear nervous, visual fatigue discomfort, traffic efficiency and traffic safety were higher than normal pavement low. The domestic and foreign research shows that research capacity under the condition of ice and snow for road intersection planning, disaster prevention, plays an important role in improving the efficiency of road network.
According to the snowfall intensity were studied in normal weather, snow, snow, snow, ice and snow blizzard weather characteristics of pavement, and analyzes the effect of ice conditions on the capacity of section according to the survey data. The snow under the condition of visibility with snowfall intensity are established respectively, the friction coefficient and the thickness of snow, the coefficient of friction with the frozen strength relation model at the same time, the establishment of road traffic speed model of snow and ice conditions.
The snow is divided into snow conditions, freezing conditions, snow and ice conditions, based on the analysis of the characteristics of traffic flow model under the condition of snow and ice at signalized intersections, analyzed the data by investigation, traffic, traffic flow characteristics of different snow conditions and characteristics of Road intersection, including snow and ice conditions, pavement the friction coefficient, through the comparative study of clearance, compare different snow and ice conditions and with the corresponding characteristics of normal weather conditions.
From the point of intersection signal control, optimization method and splits the signal period are studied respectively, taking the queue under snow and ice conditions for decision basis, introducing the signal intersection to judge matrix optimization, thus establishing periodic signal timing under the condition of ice and snow in length and green time optimization scheme, and considering the difficulty and the actual operating characteristics of vehicle driving under the condition of ice and snow, the track and the vehicle speed feature optimization when the yellow light is long, the optimization scheme for distribution of intersection signal under the condition of snow and ice. In a typical intersection in Harbin City Song Mountain - Huaihe road - Huaihe road and Hongqi Street data as an example, simulation research the optimization plan of using the Vissim simulation software.
In the condition of snow and ice as the starting point, based on the optimization of signal timing, study the main factors affecting the capacity of the intersection, including climate factors, lane function factors and lane width factors. On this basis, calculate model of the capacity of signalized intersection HCM and stop line method based on modified. On the basis of HCM method, considering the factors that will affect the capacity of signalized intersections under snow and ice conditions, comprehensive calibration parameters affect signal cross export capacity under the condition of snow and ice; based on stop line method, the parameters of calibration of the parameters according to the classification of the snow and ice conditions. And the parameters are given under different conditions. By using the modified model to calculate the snowfall, the capacity of signalized intersection and the frozen snow and freezing conditions, and the calculation results of the model and the real The observational values are compared.
The calibration of the delay model of signalized intersections under snow and ice conditions, mainly reflected in the visibility and influence the friction coefficient on the service level, and will be an important indicator of the signal intersection service level evaluation. Through the investigation and data analysis, a correction coefficient of signal intersection vehicle arrival rate under the condition of snow and ice. The main factors for the assessment of visibility and friction coefficient, finally the calibration of various parameters of the correction coefficient under different weights. Based on the existing evaluation system of service level, the evaluation index system of signal intersection service level under the condition of snow and ice from the angle of layer analysis, proposed evaluation criteria. At the end of the "ten" type signal intersection and "T" type signal intersection service level in the snow and ice conditions were evaluated after verification of signal timing optimization under the condition of ice and snow intersection service Changes in the level of affairs.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.23

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