大连湾危险化学品输运过程精细化模拟研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 18:09

本文关键词：大连湾危险化学品输运过程精细化模拟研究　出处：《上海海洋大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,危险化学品的产量和用量迅速增加,种类不断更新,而与危化品生产消费相关的企业大多位于沿海地区,这对我国近岸海域构成了巨大威胁。大连湾作为我国北方典型的半封闭海湾,其沿岸海域周围分布着大连市众多的涉危企业,为应对可能发生的危化品泄漏事故,需要掌握其可能的输运路径,扩散范围等信息,以此为大连湾危险化学品泄漏事故的预防和应急处置提供技术支撑。本文的具体研究和结论如下:(1)基于海床基平台获取的大连湾观测资料,利用谱分析和调和分析等方法,分别对该海域湾内和湾外的水位、流速和海底温度等要素进行分析。大连湾的潮汐为规则半日潮,潮流为不规则半日潮流。表层余流受海面风场影响较大,流速在5cm/s以上,流向为西南偏南向;表层以下流速较小,流向基本呈NE—SW向流动。(2)采用ROMS三维水动力模型,在对岸线和地形进行细致刻画的基础上,对潮流场和水交换能力进行模拟。计算结果大连湾湾口的流动具有明显的行进波特点,即最大流速发生在高潮和低潮时刻。(3)对研究区域化学品生产使用现状、主要潜在风险区域和沿岸潜在危化品污染源进行调查与评价。据此认为大连湾沿岸可能发生危化品泄漏的重点区域是石油码头、和尚岛西区、开发区及大孤山石化园区并将污染源归并为如下六处:石油码头区域的D29和D42,和尚岛西区的D53和D60,经济开发区的K01和大孤山湾的G01。(4)分别对大连湾内和大孤山开展危化品泄露入海后的输运扩散过程模拟研究。结果表明,危险化学品泄漏事故发生后,受邻近海域潮流的作用,危化品将在海洋中呈往复扩散运动。污染源的影响主要处在源点附近,随着距离的增大,其影响逐渐减小。在泄漏时间相等的情况下,危化品的泄漏强度对扩散范围和面积有显著影响。夏季,当泄漏点位于大连湾南部,朝北向的污染源响应系数场范围较大;冬季,当泄漏点位于大连湾北部,朝南向污染源的响应系数场范围较大。(5)根据研究结果,本文建议将石化码头的中石油大连分公司以及和尚岛西侧和开发区部分石化相关企业迁移至大孤山石化园区进行生产。通过集中管理,便于加强政府监管部门的监督,可以对同类型企业进行统一的安全防护指导,避免事故发生。另外,当事故发生时,要及时切断泄漏源,根据夏冬季节不同的扩散情况进行监测,并建立起隔离带,把污染程度和范围降到最低点。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the production and consumption of hazardous chemicals are increasing rapidly, and the kinds of dangerous chemicals are constantly updated, and most of the enterprises related to the production and consumption of dangerous chemicals are located in the coastal areas. As a typical semi-enclosed bay in the north of China, Dalian Bay is surrounded by a large number of dangerous enterprises in Dalian. In order to deal with the possible dangerous chemical leakage accident, it is necessary to know its possible transportation path, diffusion range and other information. This provides technical support for the prevention and emergency disposal of dangerous chemical leakage accident in Dalian Bay. The specific research and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the observation data of Dalian Bay obtained from seabed based platform. By means of spectral analysis and harmonic analysis, the water level, velocity and sea bottom temperature in and out of the bay are analyzed respectively. The tide in Dalian Bay is a regular semi-diurnal tide. The surface residual current is influenced greatly by the sea surface wind field, the velocity is above 5 cm / s and the flow direction is south-southwest. The velocity below the surface layer is small and the flow direction is basically NE-SW. (2) ROMS 3D hydrodynamic model is used to describe the shoreline and topography in detail. The tidal current field and water exchange capacity are simulated. The calculated results show that the flow at the mouth of Dalian Bay has obvious traveling wave characteristics. That is, the maximum flow rate occurred in the high tide and low tide time. The main potential risk areas and coastal potential hazardous chemicals pollution sources were investigated and evaluated. It is concluded that the key areas of dangerous chemicals leakage along the coast of Dalian Bay are oil terminal and west area of monk island. The development zone and Dagushan petrochemical park will be grouped into the following six pollution sources: D29 and D42 in the oil terminal area, D53 and D60 in the west of monk island. K01 of Economic Development Zone and G01.T4 of Dagushan Bay, respectively. The transport and diffusion process of dangerous chemicals were studied in Dalian Bay and Dagushan Bay respectively. The results show that the process of transport and diffusion of dangerous chemicals in Dalian Bay and Dagushan Bay are simulated. After the accident of dangerous chemical leakage, the dangerous chemicals will be reciprocating and diffusing in the ocean due to the tidal current in the adjacent sea area. The influence of the pollution source is mainly near the source point and increases with the increase of the distance. When the leakage time is equal, the leakage intensity of hazardous chemicals has a significant effect on the diffusion range and area. In summer, when the leakage point is located in the south of Dalian Bay. The range of response coefficient field of pollution source toward north is large; In winter, when the leakage point is located in the northern part of Dalian Bay, the response coefficient field of the pollution source facing south is larger. This paper suggests that the PetroChina Dalian Branch of Petrochemical Wharf and some petrochemical related enterprises in the west side of the Monk Island and the Development Zone be transferred to Dagushan Petrochemical Park for production through centralized management. It is convenient to strengthen the supervision of the government supervision department, can carry on the unified safety protection instruction to the same type enterprise, avoid the accident. In addition, when the accident occurs, the leakage source should be cut off in time. According to the different diffusion conditions in summer and winter, the isolation zone is established to minimize the pollution level and range.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U695.292

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