减排目标下分时段交通管理措施优化设计
发布时间:2018-01-10 05:21
本文关键词:减排目标下分时段交通管理措施优化设计 出处:《清华大学》2014年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
更多相关文章: 交通排放 交通管理措施 排放收费 限速 优化建模
【摘要】:近年来交通污染排放问题日益加剧,给人们的生活环境和身体健康造成了严重影响,如何减少交通污染排放已经成为了日常交通管理工作的重要课题。本论文提出了高峰时段排放收费、平峰时段路段限速的交通管理措施组合体系,采用模型构建、算法设计和算例验证相结合的方法研究减排目标下的分时段交通管理措施优化问题,以提高交通系统的整体性能和道路交通管理的科学性。 首先,本研究分析了交通管理措施的作用机理,在此基础上建立了减排目标下交通管理措施优化基本模型。鉴于目前交通网络设计模型中污染排放计算方法过于简化的不足,论文提出了基于交通污染排放模型MOVES的路网减排优化流程,为后续研究奠定了重要基础。 接着,论文对高峰时段排放收费的方案优化设计进行了深入研究。以路网污染排放最低为优化目标,建立了基于路段的最优排放收费设计模型,模型中加入了区域环境政策约束,增强了实用性。由于假设条件过于严苛,建立了带互补约束的次优排放收费设计模型,采用了多重子优化算法进行求解。考虑到基于区域的排放收费模式更具备可操作性,建立了带互补约束的区域排放收费设计模型。算例表明,,区域排放收费在有效控制区域排放的同时,能够更大程度上缓解交通拥堵和减少路网污染物排放。论文利用MOVES估算污染排放,提高了优化方案的可靠度,建立了区域排放收费双层规划模型,并基于SID-PSM算法构建了模型求解框架。算例表明,区域排放预算过紧会影响整体路网污染减排效果。 随后,论文将排放收费和路段限速进行对比分析,表明路段限速仅在交通需求较小的平峰时段能够调整路网流量分布,合适的限速方案有助于减少交通污染排放,提高路网性能。由于平峰时段交通需求的不确定性,建立了鲁棒限速设计模型,采用割平面法和多重子优化相结合的算法进行求解。算例表明,鲁棒限速方案能够在最坏需求情景下实现网络性能最优。考虑到鲁棒限速难以适应多种外界环境的变化,论文建立了任意战略情景下的多目标可变限速设计模型。模型中运用MOVES估算污染排放,并构建了以NSGA-II算法为基础的求解框架。算例表明,天气条件能够影响最佳路段限速方案。 最后,以北京二环路网为对象进行应用研究,表明论文提出的排放收费和路段限速的优化方法能够有效减少交通污染排放,显著改善路网性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of traffic pollution is increasing, causing a serious impact on people's living environment and health, how to reduce traffic pollution has become an important topic of daily traffic management. This paper presents peak emission charges, traffic management measures combination system of the peak period of the construction of road speed limit, the model is divided into traffic management measures optimization method research targets algorithm design and examples of the combination, in order to improve the overall performance and scientific management of road traffic transportation system.
Firstly, this study analyzes the mechanism of traffic management measures, is established based on the basic model of optimization of traffic management measures. Given the lack of emission reduction targets under the current traffic network design model in pollution emissions calculation method is too simple, the proposed road traffic emissions reduction process optimization model based on MOVES, laid the foundation for the a follow-up study.
Then, the optimization design is studied for peak emission charge. The scheme with the network pollution minimum as the optimization goal, an optimal design model based on road emission charges, the model joined the regional environmental policy constraints, enhanced practicality. Due to the assumptions are too stringent, established with complementary. The discharge charge design model constraints, using multiple sub optimization algorithm to solve this problem. Considering the emission charge mode based on region more operable, established with complementary regional emission charge design model constraints. Examples show that the regional emission charges in the effective control of regional emissions at the same time, to a greater extent alleviate traffic congestion and reduce pollutant emissions. The use of MOVES network to estimate pollution emissions, improve the reliability of the optimization scheme, the establishment of a regional emission charges the bi level programming model Based on the SID-PSM algorithm, the model solution framework is constructed. The calculation example shows that the tight regional emission budget will affect the pollution reduction effect of the overall road network.
Subsequently, the discharge fees and road speed limit analysis shows that road speed limit can adjust the network flow distribution only in the peak period traffic demand is small, the speed limit scheme suitable to help reduce traffic pollution emissions, improve the network performance. Because of the peak period traffic demand uncertainty, a robust design model of speed limit and using the cutting plane method and multiple sub optimization combining algorithms. Examples show that the robust speed limit scheme can achieve the optimum network performance in the worst demand scenarios. Considering the robust speed more difficult to adapt to changes in the external environment, the paper establishes a multi-objective design model of variable speed arbitrary situations. Strategic model using MOVES to estimate the pollution emissions, and constructs a solution framework based on NSGA-II algorithm. Examples show that the weather conditions can affect the optimal road speed limit scheme.
Finally, the application of the two ring road network in Beijing is studied. It shows that the optimization method of emission charge and road speed limit can effectively reduce traffic emissions and significantly improve the performance of road network.
【学位授予单位】:清华大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:U491
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