铁路在综合交通运输体系的比较优势和新任务

发布时间：2018-01-15 11:45

本文关键词：铁路在综合交通运输体系的比较优势和新任务　出处：《综合运输》2016年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：从技术经济、节能环保、土地占用、经济安全等方面对铁路在综合交通运输体系中的比较优势进行了分析,总结了新形势下铁路面临的新任务。结果表明,按单位里程完成的货物周转量分析,铁路约为水运的0.5~0.8倍,公路的20~35倍,民航的4500~6500倍。按完成单位货物周转量的运输费用分析,水运、公路、民航分别约为铁路的1/2、10倍、20倍。铁路单位里程造价一般高于公路,但完成单位客货运量建设成本基本相当。铁路运输节约能源明显,水运、公路、民航分别约为铁路内燃机车万吨公里能耗的2.5倍、20~35倍、125倍。铁路和水运属于清洁型运输方式,公路和民航有害气体排放强度分别约为铁路的5倍和30倍。按单位运输能力计算,I级双线铁路占地是一级公路、四车道高速公路、六车道高速公路的16%、33%、43%。铁路运输安全性远远高于公路,与水运相差不大。新形势下铁路发展的新任务主要有:发挥铁路支撑引领作用;加强铁路供给侧改革;发挥铁路优势新潜力。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the comparative advantages of railway in the comprehensive transportation system from the aspects of technical economy, energy saving and environmental protection, land occupation and economic safety, and summarizes the new tasks facing the railway under the new situation. In terms of cargo turnover per unit mileage, the railway is about 0.58 times that of the waterway and the highway 2035 times. It is about 1 / 2 / 2 times of that of the railway in terms of transportation cost per unit of completed cargo turnover, water transport, highway, and civil aviation, each of which is about 1 / 2 / 2 times of that of the railway. The cost per unit mileage of the railway is generally higher than that of the highway, but the cost of completing the construction of the volume of passenger and cargo transportation per unit is basically the same. Civil aviation is about 2.5 times as much as the energy consumption of railway diesel locomotives for ten thousand tons per kilometer. The emission intensity of harmful gas in highway and civil aviation is about 5 times and 30 times of that of railway respectively. The safety of railway transportation is far higher than that of highway, which is not different from that of water transportation. The new tasks of railway development under the new situation are as follows: give play to the role of railway support and guidance; Strengthening railway supply-side reform; Give full play to the new potential of railway superiority.
【作者单位】：中国国际工程咨询公司;北京中咨海外咨询有限公司;
【基金】：国家铁路局科技研究计划项目:国民经济和社会发展对铁路的新要求(KF2014030)
【分类号】：U111
【正文快照】： 交通运输是国民经济重要的基础产业,对经济社会发展具有战略性、全局性影响。新形势下,我国经济发展转入中高速增长的新常态,产业结构调整步伐加快,运输需求规模和结构都将发生重大变化。推动区域协调发展,引导产业优化布局和分工协作,要求重点区域交通加快发展,加强区域间和

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