隧道楔形掏槽爆破技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 17:50

本文关键词： 隧道爆破楔形掏槽爆破数值模拟 LS-DYNA3D　出处：《安徽理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着隧道断面不断加大,楔形掏槽技术越来越被广泛的应用于隧道掘进中。采用楔形掏槽爆破技术爆破掘进的隧道长度越来越长,其所占隧道总长度的比重愈来愈大。而与此极不相符的是楔形掏槽爆破机理研究缓慢,楔形掏槽参数难以确定。现有的掏槽参数是根据已有的施工案例总结而来,然后通过小段试爆不断调整、优化以获得理想的掏槽效果。由于掏槽参数之间的相关性使得参数调整工作不但繁琐而且困难。同时调整后的参数能否达到经济效益最佳、施工速度最快、炸药单耗最省等,无从得知。所以如何确定合理的掏槽参数这一问题迫切需要我们给与解答。本文论证、分析、比较三种经典的爆炸作用理论的优缺点,选择爆生气和冲击波综合作用理论作为本研究的理论基础,在此基础上分析研究了柱状装药结构对岩石的破坏作用,并探讨了柱状装药条件下的楔形掏槽爆破机理。结合楔形掏槽爆破机理,吸收并借鉴一些文献的分析方法推导出楔形掏槽参数的计算公式。由于现有实验设备、测量技术条件的限制,无法观测到爆炸的细微过程,所以本文采用有限元动力学模拟软件LS-DYNA3D软件对楔形掏槽进行模拟。经过模拟得出：在与楔形掏槽机理假设一致的情况下,可以取得楔形掏槽机理预测的结果,并且根据楔形掏槽参数计算公式设计的掏槽爆破可以取得良好的掏槽效果。最后结合现场实验,通过对比分析发现楔形掏槽在炮孔利用率、钻眼施工强度、炸药消耗量等都要优于直眼掏槽。本文在爆生气体和冲击波的综合作用理论基础上定量的分析了楔形掏槽爆破机理,打破了只对楔形掏槽爆破机理进行定性分析的传统。同时本文在借鉴和吸收现代科学的先进理论和研究方法的基础上首次系统完整的推导出楔形掏槽参数计算公式。公式的正确性和合理性已通过现场实验验证,可以为爆破设计工作提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of tunnel section, wedge cutting technology is more and more widely used in tunnel tunneling. The tunnel length of blasting with wedge cut blasting technology is getting longer and longer. It accounts for more and more of the total tunnel length. However, the research on the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting is slow. Wedge cutting parameters are difficult to determine. The existing cutting parameters are summed up according to existing construction cases, and then continuously adjusted through small test blasting. Because of the correlation between cutting parameters, the adjustment of parameters is not only cumbersome but also difficult. At the same time, whether the adjusted parameters can achieve the best economic benefits and the fastest construction speed. It is difficult to know how to determine the reasonable cutting parameters, so we urgently need to answer the question of how to determine the reasonable cutting parameters. This paper demonstrates, analyzes and compares the merits and demerits of three classical theories of explosion action, and chooses the theory of comprehensive action of explosion gas and shock wave as the theoretical basis of this study. On this basis, the failure effect of columnar charge structure on rock is analyzed, and the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting under cylindrical charge is discussed. The formulas for calculating the wedge cutting parameters are derived by absorbing and using the analytical methods of some literatures. Due to the limitation of the existing experimental equipment and the technical conditions of measurement, the fine process of explosion can not be observed. In this paper, the finite element dynamics simulation software LS-DYNA3D is used to simulate the wedge cutting. After simulation, it is concluded that: in accordance with the hypothesis of wedge cutting mechanism. The predicted results of wedge cutting mechanism can be obtained, and the cutting blasting designed according to the calculation formula of wedge cutting parameters can obtain good cutting effect. Finally, combined with field experiments. Through comparison and analysis, it is found that wedge cutting is superior to straight hole cutting in utilization ratio, drilling intensity and explosive consumption. In this paper, the mechanism of wedge cut blasting is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the comprehensive action theory of explosion gas and shock wave. This paper breaks down the tradition of qualitative analysis of the mechanism of wedge cutting blasting. At the same time, based on the reference and absorption of the advanced theories and research methods of modern science, this paper deduces systematically and completely the calculation of wedge cutting parameters for the first time. The correctness and rationality of the formula have been verified by field experiments. It can provide reference for blasting design.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U455.4

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