智能交通中无线传感器网络定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 18:20

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络智能交通节点定位 DV-Hop算法　出处：《兰州理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着传感器技术,低能耗电子和射频技术的发展,低成本的无线微传感器逐渐得到大规模应用,相应的无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)应用而生。这种网络可广泛应用于国防军事、环境监测、交通领域、医疗卫生等诸多领域,已成为计算机和通信领域中的一个研究热点。而针对无线传感器网络的大量应用都依赖于节点的位置信息,也就是说在WSN这个全新的研究领域中,网络节点自身定位问题是当前科技工作者需要首先解决的研究课题,它必须满足在传感器节点成本、能量和体积的限制下,达到低能耗、低成本、低复杂性和高精度的无线传感器网络节点的定位能力。本文以智能公交系统为研究背景,在对比了GPS与无线传感器网络这两种定位技术后,重点对道路环境中无线传感器网络定位技术展开研究。目前应用于传感器网络节点定位的技术主要有基于测距和无需测距定位技术。前者尽管精度较高,但大都需要额外增加硬件开销,不适应与公交道路应用场景。而无需测距定位技术在不需要复杂硬件设备的情况下能提供足够的定位精度。结合道路环境最后选取了DV-Hop算法作为本文的研究重点。论文重点分析了DV-Hop定位算法及其在交通道路环境中会面临平均每跳距离误差大问题；在城市道路中,因节点稀疏造成定位准确度与节点覆盖率低问题；因节点沿道路带状分布造成的节点共线等问题。得出采用RSSI辅助测距的定位技术校正网络中的平均每跳距离。可以有效减少不合理的平均每跳距离。而对于锚节点不均匀分布,所产生的不良节点,使得网络中部分节点无法准确定位问题。本文采用Max方法在传感器网络的最大误差处放置新的锚节点,从而消除不良节点。最后针对节点共线带来的计量误差问题,本文采用双曲线定位算法代替三边测量法以减小误差。文章最后在matlab仿真平台上实现了本文定位算法,对本文改进定位算法进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明改进后的算法能够很好提高节点定位精度与覆盖率。
[Abstract]:With the development of sensor technology, low energy consumption electronics and radio frequency technology, low cost wireless microsensors are gradually applied on a large scale. The corresponding wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed by the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which can be widely used in defense, military and environmental monitoring. Transportation, health and many other fields have become a research hotspot in the field of computer and communication, and a large number of applications of wireless sensor networks depend on the location information of nodes. That is to say, in the new research field of WSN, the problem of network node localization is the first research topic to be solved by science and technology workers at present, and it must meet the cost of sensor node. Under the limitation of energy and volume, the localization ability of wireless sensor network nodes with low energy consumption, low cost, low complexity and high precision is achieved. In this paper, intelligent bus system as the research background, after comparing the GPS and wireless sensor network positioning technology. This paper focuses on the research of wireless sensor network location technology in road environment. At present, the main technologies used in sensor network node location are based on ranging and need not distance location technology, the former although the accuracy is high. But most require additional hardware overhead. It can provide enough positioning accuracy without the need of complex hardware equipment. Finally, the DV-Hop algorithm is selected as the paper combined with the road environment. The focus of the study. This paper focuses on the analysis of the DV-Hop location algorithm and the large problem of the average distance per hop error in the traffic road environment. In urban roads, the problem of location accuracy and node coverage is low due to sparse nodes. Due to the collinearity caused by the distribution of nodes along the road strip, the average distance per hop in the network can be corrected by using the location technique of RSSI aided ranging, which can effectively reduce the unreasonable average distance per hop. The anchor nodes are unevenly distributed. Due to the bad nodes, some nodes in the network can not locate accurately. In this paper, the Max method is used to place new anchor nodes at the maximum error of the sensor networks. Finally, the hyperbolic location algorithm is used instead of the trilateral measurement method to reduce the error in view of the measurement error caused by the collinearity of the node. At last, the algorithm is implemented on the matlab simulation platform. The simulation results of the improved localization algorithm show that the improved algorithm can improve the accuracy and coverage of node location.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U495;TP212.9;TN929.5

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