基于改进社会力模型的行人仿真和交通组织研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 19:31

本文关键词： 行人流社会力模型小团体障碍物人群构型队列　出处：《合肥工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：虽然科技发展给人类带来了各种各样的出行工具，但任何方式也取代不了步行的重要性。高密度行人流造成的拥堵不仅会增加人们的出行时间，而且紧急疏散条件下甚至会有踩踏事故的发生，危害人身财产安全。最近这些年来，行人交通流问题得到了越来越多人的关注，在交通压力与日俱增的今天，从行人微观特征和宏观规律两方面探究行人流理论成为了一个热点问题。微观行人个体仿真模型是再现真实行人交通现象的重要手段，本文利用社会力模型研究行人自组织规律。本文针对不同实际场景，对基本社会力模型展开不同改进，分别研究了周边环境影响的小团体、目标位置和障碍物共同作用的人群和扰动影响的队列空间构型规律。小团体仿真结果显示，，在商店商品这类外界环境影响下，二人小团体不再与街道走向垂直，三人小团体有成员被忽视，四人小团体分化成了两个二人小团体。人群聚集在建筑物出入口处的障碍物排斥力大小，不仅跟行人与障碍物的距离有关，还跟行人与目标位置在特定方向上的距离有关，改进模型模拟产生的人群扇形分布与基本社会力模型生成的半圆形存在重大区别。目标位置发生移动时，人群会呈现彗星形状，但图形大小以及稳定性与目标位置的移动速度有关。队列排头个体的目标位置扰动会造成整个队列的波动，队列波动的收敛发散性取决于行人初始间距，当初始间距超过临界值，队列波动收敛。本文揭示的行人移动规律有助于丰富行人交通流理论，对未来基础设施的设计和建设提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Although the development of science and technology has brought a variety of travel tools, but no way to replace the importance of walking. High density traffic caused by congestion will not only increase people's travel time. And emergency evacuation conditions will even have a stampede, endangering the safety of life and property. In recent years, pedestrian traffic flow problem has been paid more and more attention, in the traffic pressure is increasing today. It has become a hot issue to explore the pedestrian flow theory from two aspects of pedestrian micro characteristics and macro laws. Micro pedestrian individual simulation model is an important means to reproduce the real pedestrian traffic phenomenon. In this paper, social force model is used to study the law of pedestrian self-organization. In this paper, different improvements to the basic social force model are carried out for different practical scenarios, and small groups of surrounding environmental impacts are studied respectively. Small group simulation results show that under the influence of the outside environment such as store merchandise, the two-person small group is no longer vertical to the street. The small group of three is neglected and the small group of four is divided into two small groups of two. The repulsive force of the obstacles gathered at the entrance and exit of the building is not only related to the distance between the pedestrian and the obstacle. It is also related to the distance between the pedestrian and the target position in a specific direction. There is a significant difference between the population sector distribution generated by the improved model and the semicircle generated by the basic social force model. The crowd presents comet shape, but the pattern size and stability are related to the moving speed of the target position. The disturbance of the target position of the queue head will cause the whole queue to fluctuate. The convergence divergence of queue fluctuations depends on the initial pedestrian spacing. When the initial spacing exceeds the critical value, the queue fluctuation converges. The pedestrian movement law revealed in this paper is helpful to enrich the pedestrian traffic flow theory. It provides theoretical basis for the design and construction of future infrastructure.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491

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