基于元胞自动机的三相交通流建模与匝道控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 04:08

本文关键词： 交通流元胞自动机模型匝道控制　出处：《兰州交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通运输业的快速发展,促进了经济的繁荣,提高了人民的生活水平。但是也带来了一系列的社会问题,主要有严重的环境污染、频繁的交通事故和大面积的交通拥堵三个方面。虽然各个国家都在积极的采取措施解决这些问题。但是多年来国内外的实践经验表明,仅仅依靠增加交通基础设施、限制车辆的出行数量并不能有效解决现有的各种交通问题。这就需要利用系统科学的原理对整个交通系统进行分析,找出各种交通现象发生的本质原因和他们之间相互转化的内部机理,才能有针对性的去解决各种交通问题。本文通过建立更加符合实际驾驶操作行为的三相交通流元胞自动机模型,并将其运用到主线入口流率和匝道入口流率都固定的单入口匝道系统当中,找到最佳的匝道入口流量控制方法。本文的研究内容具体包含以下两部分:(1)基于车辆作用时距的交通流元胞自动机建模研究对现有的三相交通流元胞自动机模型进行认真的分析总结发现,这些模型在考虑车辆的随机减速慢化过程时与实际驾驶操作行为存在着较大的差异。本文以MVDE模型的更新规则为基础,按照车辆的行驶速度对车辆之间的作用距离进行重新定义,并且在确定随机减速慢化时引入了前后相邻两辆车的速度大小关系对于相邻后车发生减速幅度和减速可能性大小的影响,修改了MVDE模型中的更新规则,建立了新的元胞自动机模型(S-MVDE)。然后对S-MVDE模型在周期边界条件下均匀无交通瓶颈结构的道路上模拟仿真统计出了密度——流量关系和密度——速度关系,并结合时空演化图对不同密度范围下道路上的交通流状态进行分析。接着按照交通流状态处于同ki流时所具有的特征对S-MVDE模型进行验证,最后又在开口边界条件下有孤立入口匝道形成交通瓶颈结构的道路上仿真模拟其在交通瓶颈处的拥堵模式,并结合Kerner等人在实际道路上的交通流中观察到的交通拥堵模式进行比较验证。(2)基于统计学的单入口匝道控制研究本文在分析研究了现有的四种主要的单入口匝道控制方法(定时控制、需求—容量差额控制、可接受间隙控制和ALINEA匝道控制)的基础上,基于统计学的理论提出了一种新的单入口匝道控制方法,并且以主路入口流率为0.1、匝道入口流率为0.6的开边界道路结构为例,运用新提出的单入口匝道控制方法进行控制研究,在分析比较的基础上得到了最佳的控制周期,最后对控制前后的仿真模拟结果进行比较分析,证明了新方法的可行性和实用性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the transportation industry has promoted the prosperity of the economy and raised the living standards of the people. But it has also brought a series of social problems, mainly serious environmental pollution. Frequent traffic accidents and large areas of traffic jams. Although every country is actively taking measures to solve these problems, the practical experience at home and abroad over the years shows that only relying on increasing traffic infrastructure, Limiting the number of vehicles can not effectively solve the existing traffic problems, which requires the use of the principles of system science to analyze the entire transportation system. To find out the essential causes of traffic phenomena and the internal mechanism of their mutual transformation, In order to solve all kinds of traffic problems, this paper establishes the cellular automata model of three-phase traffic flow, which is more consistent with the actual driving behavior. And it is applied to the single on-ramp system where both the main line inlet flow rate and ramp inlet flow rate are fixed. To find the best method of ramp flow control. The research contents of this paper include the following two parts: 1) based on the vehicle action distance, the modeling of cellular automata for three-phase traffic flow cellular automata (Cellular automata) model of three-phase traffic flow cell. After careful analysis, we find that, These models are different from the actual driving behavior when considering the stochastic deceleration process of the vehicle. This paper bases on the updating rules of the MVDE model. The distance between vehicles is redefined according to the speed of the vehicle, In order to determine the stochastic deceleration, the influence of the speed relationship between the two adjacent vehicles on the deceleration amplitude and the possibility of deceleration is introduced, and the updating rules in the MVDE model are modified. A new cellular automaton model, S-MVDEE, is established, and the density-flow relation and density-velocity relationship are obtained by simulation and simulation of the S-MVDE model on a road with uniform traffic bottleneck structure under periodic boundary conditions. Then the S-MVDE model is verified according to the characteristics of the traffic flow state when the traffic flow state is in the same Ki flow. Finally, on the road with isolated on-ramp forming traffic bottleneck structure under the condition of open boundary, the congestion mode at the traffic bottleneck is simulated. The traffic congestion patterns observed by Kerner et al. In the actual traffic flow are compared and verified. (2) the single ramp control based on statistics is studied. In this paper, four main types of single on-ramp are analyzed and studied. Control method (timing control, On the basis of demand-capacity difference control, acceptable gap control and ALINEA ramp control, a new single-on-ramp control method is proposed based on statistical theory. Taking the open boundary road structure with the inlet flow rate of 0.1 and the ramp inlet flow rate of 0.6 as an example, the control research is carried out by using the new single ramp control method, and the optimal control period is obtained on the basis of analysis and comparison. Finally, the simulation results before and after the control are compared and analyzed, which proves the feasibility and practicability of the new method.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491

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