高地应力地区隧道岩爆预测研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 09:32

本文关键词： 岩爆预测理想点贴近度靶心关联函数　出处：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要：岩爆是在高地应力地区硬质完整岩石中进行采矿或者隧道(洞)施工时发生的一种极富灾难性的动力地质灾害现象,成灾机理复杂。岩爆的发生在空间上具有随机性、时间上具有突发性,且其破坏力极具灾难性,往往会给生产生活以及人民的生命财产带来不同程度的损害,如不能及时预测岩爆,往往容易造成人员伤害和设备受损,影响施工进度,而且还会造成超挖、初期支护失效,给生产带来严重后果,导致施工综合成本增加。因此,为了更合理、更有效、更经济地指导设计和施工,本文主要以秦岭隧道为例对岩爆预测理论进行了相关研究。 1)从岩爆发生机制出发,分析了岩爆的影响因素,主要包括最大切应力、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石单轴抗拉强度和弹性能量指数,研究各个因素对岩爆烈度的重要性,以最大切向应力与岩石单轴抗压强度比、岩石单轴抗压强度与抗拉强度比以及弹性能量指数等作为指标建立了评价岩爆烈度等级的综合评价体系。 2)综合考虑上述三个指标,构建岩爆烈度预测的理想点模型,采用改进的层次分析法和熵值法相结合的组合赋权法评价各个指标的不同重要性,并利用欧氏距离来体现待预测的岩爆样本在不同岩爆烈度等级下的正、负理想点距离,距离正理想点越近,则岩爆烈度等级越高。将该模型应用于冬瓜山铜矿和灵宝东峪矿区两处工程实例中进行岩爆预测,预测结果合理,符合实际,说明了该模型的合理性。 3)建立岩爆烈度预测的变权靶心贴近度模型,构造了一种区间关联函数来定义不同指标在不同岩爆烈度等级下的属性值,并根据属性值求出各个不同岩爆烈度等级下的靶心。同时,在层次分析法求客观权重的基础上,采用一种均衡函数对指标赋予一定的变权,使得指标数据更具有客观性和特征性。然后,根据样本与靶心之间的距离求出各个不同岩爆烈度等级下的贴近度。将该模型应用于冬瓜山铜矿和灵宝东峪矿区两处工程实例中进行岩爆预测,预测结果较准确,与实际较相符,表明了该模型的可行性。 4)将上述模型通过程序实现,建立了岩爆预测模型系统,实际使用过程中,用户通过将采集的数据导入系统,可以直接用来预测岩爆烈度状况。为了进一步验证模型的合理性,将其应用于秦岭隧道岩爆预测中,并结合数值分析的方法对隧道开挖的过程进行了模拟,采用陶振宇判据对其岩爆发生的可能性和地点进行了预测,结果表明：该处隧道在洞顶和洞底及其两侧有发生轻微～中等岩爆烈度的可能,与实际情况基本吻合。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: rock burst is a kind of extremely disastrous dynamic geological disaster phenomenon which occurs during mining or tunnel (tunnel) construction in hard intact rock in high ground stress area, and the mechanism of disaster formation is complex. The occurrence of rock burst is random in space. Sudden and devastating in time, often causing varying degrees of damage to production and life and to the life and property of the people. Failure to predict a rockburst in a timely manner can often lead to human injury and damage to equipment, It will also cause overexcavation, failure of initial support, serious consequences for production and increase of comprehensive construction cost. Therefore, in order to be more reasonable, more effective and more economical to guide the design and construction, In this paper, the Qinling tunnel is taken as an example to study the theory of rock burst prediction. 1) based on the mechanism of rock burst, the influence factors of rock burst are analyzed, including maximum shear stress, uniaxial compressive strength of rock, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic energy index of rock, and the importance of each factor to rock burst intensity is studied. Based on the ratio of maximum tangential stress to uniaxial compressive strength of rock, the ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength of rock and the elastic energy index, a comprehensive evaluation system for evaluating the degree of rock burst strength is established. 2) considering the above three indexes synthetically, the ideal point model of rock burst intensity prediction is constructed, and the different importance of each index is evaluated by combining the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method with the entropy method. And the Euclidean distance is used to show the distance between the positive and negative ideal points of the rockburst samples to be predicted under different rock burst intensities, and the closer to the positive ideal points. The model is applied to the prediction of rock burst in Dongguashan Copper Mine and Lingbaodongyu Mining area. The prediction results are reasonable and accord with the reality, which shows the rationality of the model. 3) the variable weight target centroid closeness model for prediction of rockburst intensity is established, and an interval correlation function is constructed to define the attribute values of different indexes under different rock burst intensities. At the same time, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the objective weight, a kind of equilibrium function is used to give certain variable weight to the index. Make the indicator data more objective and characteristic. Then, According to the distance between the sample and the target center, the closeness degree of each grade of rock burst intensity is obtained. The model is applied to the prediction of rock burst in two engineering examples of Dongguashan Copper Mine and Lingbao Dongyu Mining area, and the prediction results are more accurate. In accordance with the practice, the feasibility of the model is demonstrated. 4) the above model is realized by program, and a rockburst prediction model system is established. In the process of practical use, the user can directly predict the rockburst intensity by importing the collected data into the system. In order to further verify the rationality of the model, The method is applied to the prediction of rockburst in Qinling tunnel, and the process of tunnel excavation is simulated with numerical analysis method. The possibility and location of rock burst are predicted by using Tao Zhenyu criterion. The results show that there is a possibility of slight to moderate rock burst intensity at the top and bottom of the tunnel and both sides of the tunnel, which is basically consistent with the actual situation.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U456.33

【参考文献】