不利天气条件下城市路段交通流特征参数研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 09:10

本文关键词： 不利天气城市道路交通流特性通行能力临界速度自由流速度　出处：《北京工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着特大城市机动车保有量的迅猛增长，，城市交通系统的供需矛盾日益突出，而不利天气导致的道路容量不足和交通运行效率降低，进一步加剧了路网交通供需矛盾。研究降雨和降雪等常发不利天气条件下的道路交通特性，掌握不同级别不利天气对道路交通服务能力的影响，有利于制定科学有效的交通管理措施和应对预案，保障城市居民出行的可靠性。本文以北京市快速路和主干路作为研究对象，基于微波检测器、视频检测器数据和降水量数据研究路段在小雨、中雨、小雪和中雪四种天气条件下的交通流影响特性。研究通过对比分析选定10分钟作为数据分析周期，采用独立样本T检验的方法证明交通设施属性、道路平纵线形、车道数量以及道路出入口四个因素对交通流参数的分布会产生不同程度的影响。根据影响因素分析结果，对路段采集点数据进行分组，利用非线性回归的方法确定不同天气条件下的路段通行能力和临界速度值，并通过单因素方差分析验证不同强度降雨和降雪条件下自由流速度的显著性差异。研究结果表明，降雨条件下，受到路段线形复杂化、车道增多以及路段出入口车流干扰等因素的影响，快速路通行能力有不同程度的降低，其中复杂线形路段受到的影响最为明显。降雪条件下由于居民交通出行需求的急剧下降导致快速路交通流量的明显变化。小雨、中雨和小雪天气下，受到上游交叉口通行能力降低的影响，主干路最大流率有不同程度的降低，折减比例分别为7%、17%和48%。降雪条件下快速路自由流速度受到的影响比降雨天气显著增大。相同降雨或降雪条件下，车道数量较多路段的自由流速度受到的影响最大。小雨和中雨天气对主干路自由流速度的影响较小，折减比例均未超过4%，降雪天气对自由流速度的影响明显提高，折减比例达到44%。论文研究成果能为不利天气条件下的城市交通管理提供有益的参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of vehicle ownership in mega-cities, the contradiction between supply and demand of urban transportation system is becoming increasingly prominent, and the road capacity and traffic efficiency are reduced due to adverse weather. It further intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand of road network traffic. It studies the characteristics of road traffic under the condition of frequent adverse weather, such as rainfall and snow, and grasps the influence of different levels of adverse weather on the capacity of road traffic services. It is propitious to make scientific and effective traffic management measures and to deal with the plan, and to ensure the reliability of urban residents' travel. In this paper, based on microwave detector, video detector data and precipitation data, Beijing expressway and trunk road are studied in light rain and moderate rain. The characteristics of traffic flow effects under four weather conditions, Lesser Snow and moderate snow, were studied. Through comparative analysis, 10 minutes were selected as the data analysis cycle, and the independent sample T test method was used to prove the traffic facility properties and the road profile. Four factors, the number of lanes and the entrance and exit of the road, have different effects on the distribution of traffic flow parameters. According to the results of the analysis of the influencing factors, the data of the collection points of the road sections are grouped. The passage capacity and critical velocity under different weather conditions were determined by nonlinear regression method, and the significant differences of free flow velocities under different rainfall and snowfall were verified by single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that under the condition of rainfall, the capacity of expressway decreases in varying degrees due to the complicated alignment of road sections, the increase of lanes and the interference of traffic flow at and out of road sections. The impact on complex linear sections is the most obvious. Under snowfall conditions, the sharp drop in traffic demand of residents leads to obvious changes in expressway traffic flow. Under the weather of light rain, moderate rain and Lesser Snow, Due to the decrease of traffic capacity at the upstream intersection, the maximum flow rate of the main road decreases in varying degrees, and the reduction ratio is 717% and 48%, respectively. The influence of freeway free flow velocity on the snowfall is significantly greater than that on the rainfall weather. Under the same rainfall or snowfall condition, The free flow velocity of the section with more driveways was affected the most. The effect of light rain and moderate rain on the free flow velocity of the main road was small, and the reduction ratio was not more than 4. The effect of snow weather on the free flow velocity was obviously increased. The reduction ratio reached 44. The research results can provide a useful reference for urban traffic management under adverse weather conditions.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.112

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