信号控制交叉口行人交通特性分析

发布时间：2018-02-26 12:41

本文关键词： 行人交通步行速度到达规律行人与机动车冲突　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信号控制交叉口是城市交通系统的重要节点，最能体现我国城市混合交通的特征。大量机动车、非机动车和行人在交叉口汇集通过，使交叉口成为了交通冲突的汇集地。行人和机动车的冲突越来越严重，不但降低了交叉口的通行效率，导致了延误，而且致使事故增多，影响整个交通系统的安全水平。行人是交通中的弱势群体，且交通行为具有较大的随意性，更容易受到伤害。本文对信号控制交叉口人行横道处行人的交通特性进行研究，通过人工观测和视频采集的方法进行数据调查，分析行人的速度特性、到达规律和行人-机动车冲突特性。从行人过街步速、需求空间、临界时间间隙、可容忍等待时间以及行人过街时的行为方式和心理特征等方面对行人的交通特性进行了分析和评述，并且对几种行人交通微观仿真模型进行了对比评价。通过实测数据对行人的步行速度进行统计分析，得出行人步行速度的分布特征参数，并对影响行人步行速度的因素进行分析，结果表明：性别不同、年龄不同时，行人的步行速度有差异，一起过街的行人群体的数量也对行人的步行速度有影响。对行人的到达规律进行分析，，用数理统计中的离散分布进行拟合并验证，认为行人的到达规律符合负二项分布模型。通过分析行人与机动车发生冲突的原因和冲突类型，基于二元Logistic回归模型建立行人穿越机动车流时的可接受间隙模型，分析冲突对行人造成的延误，并通过VISSIM对交叉口行人与机动车的冲突进行仿真。
[Abstract]:The signal-controlled intersection is an important node of the urban traffic system, which can best reflect the characteristics of the urban mixed traffic in our country. A large number of motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians converge through the intersections. The traffic conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles are becoming more and more serious, which not only reduces the efficiency of intersections, leads to delays, but also increases the number of accidents. Pedestrian is a vulnerable group in traffic, and traffic behavior is random and vulnerable. This paper studies the traffic characteristics of pedestrians at signal-controlled intersections. By means of artificial observation and video capture, the velocity characteristics, arrival rules and pedestrian-vehicle conflict characteristics of pedestrians are analyzed. The pedestrian traffic characteristics are analyzed and commented from the following aspects: pedestrian walking speed, demand space, critical time interval, tolerable waiting time, pedestrian behavior and psychological characteristics, etc. Several microscopic simulation models of pedestrian traffic are compared and evaluated. Through the statistical analysis of pedestrian walking speed by measured data, the distribution characteristic parameters of pedestrian walking speed are obtained, and the factors influencing pedestrian walking speed are analyzed. The results show that: gender is different, age is different, The pedestrian walking speed is different, and the number of pedestrian groups crossing the street has an effect on the pedestrian walking speed. The regularity of pedestrian arrival is analyzed, and the discrete distribution in mathematical statistics is used to verify the pedestrian walking speed. It is considered that the arrival rule of pedestrians accords with the negative binomial distribution model. Based on the analysis of the causes and types of conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles, the acceptable gap model of pedestrians passing through vehicle flows is established based on the binary Logistic regression model, and the delay caused by conflicts is analyzed. The conflicts between pedestrians and motor vehicles at intersections are simulated by VISSIM.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.23

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