三维激光扫描技术在桥梁变形监测中的分析研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 15:20

本文关键词： 激光扫描桥梁变形监测点云数据特征线　出处：《浙江工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术革新的日新月异,三维激光扫描技术应运而生,已经成为了一项新的激光技术,相继研究应用于各大领域,与GPS技术一样,是工程应用领域的又一次科技革命。对桥梁进行变形监测,是桥梁结构健康监测的重要组成部分,是监控桥梁服役状况的方法之一。研究应用三维激光扫描技术对桥梁进行变形监测的可行性,并将此技术推广至工程结构变形监测领域具有重大的现实意义。及时掌握工程结构的服役状况,消除安全隐患,保障工程结构安全运行,减少或者消除国家财产和人民生命财产损失,具有重大的意义。本文采用的是瑞士徕卡公司生产的三维激光扫描仪(ScanStation2),对桥梁进行全局性定期无接触扫描监测,提取特征线数据,提出一种基于无初始参数的特征线线性模型求差,沿特征线方向连续变形量化的方法。利用Cyclone初步处理点云数据,提取桥各个部分的连续特征数据；对特征数据进行曲线拟合,建立二维模型,以某一时期的模型作为参考,求出各个时期的模型差函数,利用MATLAB语言量化各个时期的变形随桥长方向分布,简明直观,进而分析整个桥梁的变形状况,并和历史传统测量数据的模型进行了对比。探讨三维激光扫描技术在既有桥梁变形监测中的可行性,得到良好效果。本文的主要工作和成果如下： (1)详细介绍三维激光扫描技术的原理,系统构成,应用现状； (2)详细介绍目前桥梁健康监测的技术手段与方法,监测内容； (3)探讨与优化三维激光扫描实验数据获取方案,基于Cyclone软件的系列数据处理方法与注意事项； (4)探讨数据误差处理对策,模型比对方法,特征数据提取、拟合；MATLAB特征线变形量化表达,传统监测历史数据的分析； (5)本文针对的是拱桥这一种桥梁结构,鉴于其他类型的大型桥梁结构有待进一步研究；在特定的环境下获得的数据的精确性有待进一步提高,以实现更高精度监测,拓宽应用领域。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, 3D laser scanning technology has emerged as the times require, and has become a new laser technology, which has been studied and applied in various fields, just like GPS technology. It is another scientific and technological revolution in the field of engineering application. Monitoring the deformation of bridges is an important part of the health monitoring of bridge structures. It is one of the methods to monitor the service status of bridges. The feasibility of using 3D laser scanning technology to monitor the deformation of bridges is studied. It is of great practical significance to extend this technology to the field of deformation monitoring of engineering structures. It is of great practical significance to grasp the service status of engineering structures in time, eliminate the hidden dangers of safety, and ensure the safe operation of engineering structures. It is of great significance to reduce or eliminate the loss of state property and people's life and property. In this paper, a 3D laser scanner, ScanStation2, produced by Leica Company of Switzerland, is used to monitor the bridge on a regular basis, extract the feature line data, and propose a linear model based on no initial parameters to solve the problem. The method of continuous deformation quantization along the direction of feature line. The continuous feature data of each part of the bridge are extracted by using Cyclone to process the point cloud data preliminarily, and the curve fitting of the characteristic data is carried out, and the two-dimensional model is established, and the model of a certain period is used as a reference. The model difference function of each period is obtained, and the deformation distribution of each period is quantified by MATLAB language, which is simple and intuitionistic, and then the deformation of the whole bridge is analyzed. The feasibility of 3D laser scanning technology in the deformation monitoring of existing bridges is discussed, and good results are obtained. The main work and results of this paper are as follows:. 1) the principle, system structure and application status of 3D laser scanning technology are introduced in detail. (2) introduce in detail the technical means and methods of bridge health monitoring at present, and the contents of monitoring; 3) discuss and optimize the data acquisition scheme of 3D laser scanning experiment, the series data processing method based on Cyclone software and the matters needing attention; 4) discuss the data error processing countermeasure, model comparison method, feature data extraction, fitting MATLAB feature line deformation quantification expression, traditional monitoring historical data analysis; In view of the fact that other types of large bridge structures need to be further studied, the accuracy of the data obtained in a specific environment needs to be further improved in order to achieve higher accuracy monitoring. Widen the scope of application.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U446

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