有限元分析法在桥梁拆除爆破中的应用

发布时间：2018-02-28 01:00

本文关键词： 拆除爆破数值模拟 ANSYS/LS-DYNA　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从黑火药诞生之日起，爆破技术就对人们的生产和生活产生了重要的影响。无论在战争中还是在建设中都广泛的存在着爆破的身影。特别是进入现代社会以后，爆破技术以其独特的作用给人们带来了更多的方便。开山劈路时，利用爆破技术可以节约很多人力，旧城区改建时，利用爆破技术显然更加经济、安全和高效。得益于经济技术的发展，爆破器材和爆破技术也在不断发展，爆破技术在社会建设领域的应用也越来越广泛。爆破技术在社会建设中的应用的方式主要是在破坏中求建设，由于爆破自身的危险性和有关理论研究的相对滞后，爆破安全事故还时有发生，给人们的生命财产的安全造成了一定的威胁，这就有必要更加深入的研究爆破作用机理和对其可能造成的危害进行防治。本论文以高效、安全爆破为目的，以数值模拟为手段，对爆破作业的安全性进行事前分析，从而避免爆破安全事故的发生。目前在数值模拟领域应用的比较广泛的软件是ANSYS/LS-DYNA，它自身包含了几乎所有人们所认知的材料，输入相关的参数，几乎可以建造任何模型。在ANSYS/LS-DYNA中，LINK160主要用于建立一维模型，SHELL163是适用于建立平面的模型单元，SOLID164是适用于建立立体模型的单元。正是由于其丰富的单元库，使我们对所建模型进行静力学和动力学分析成为了可能。本论文用SOLIDl64单元和MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC材料构建钢筋混凝土桥梁模型，，用SHELL单元和RIGID材料构建地面模型，对打眼阶段对桥梁结构的稳定性进行分析和爆破过后桥梁的失稳坍塌过程进行动态模拟，分析爆破方案可能存在的安全隐患。由于目前的ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件中还没有定义材料失效的相关操作，所以在定义爆破缺口时需要对在前处理过程中生成的K文件进行修改，在K文件中通过添加MAT_ADD_EROSION关键字来定义爆破缺口，并且对时间参数进行相应设置来控制爆破缺口的形成顺序。本论文通过对模拟效果和实际的爆破效果进行对比分析，发现数值模拟的效果还是挺好的。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of black powder, blasting technology has had an important impact on people's production and life. Blasting is widespread in both war and construction, especially after entering the modern society. Blasting technology has brought more convenience to people because of its unique role. Blasting technology can save a lot of manpower when opening mountains and splitting roads, and it is obviously more economical to use blasting technology in the old urban reconstruction. Thanks to the development of economy and technology, blasting materials and blasting technology are developing continuously, and blasting technology is more and more widely used in the field of social construction. The application of blasting technology in social construction is mainly in the construction of destruction. Because of the danger of blasting itself and the relative lag of relevant theoretical research, blasting safety accidents occur from time to time. It is necessary to study the mechanism of blasting and prevent its possible harm. This paper aims at high efficiency and safety blasting and takes numerical simulation as a means. The safety of blasting operation is analyzed in advance to avoid the occurrence of blasting safety accidents. The more widely used software in the field of numerical simulation is ANSYS- LS-DYNA, which itself contains almost all the materials that people know and input the relevant parameters. Almost any model can be built in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In ANSYS/LS-DYNA, it is mainly used to build one-dimensional model SHELL163, which is a model unit suitable for building a plane, and SOLID164 is a unit suitable for building stereoscopic models. It is precisely because of its rich cell library, This makes it possible for us to analyze the model statically and dynamically. In this paper, SOLIDl64 element and MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC material are used to construct reinforced concrete bridge model, and SHELL element and RIGID material are used to construct ground model. The stability of bridge structure and the collapse process of bridge after blasting are simulated dynamically, and the potential safety hidden danger of blasting scheme is analyzed. Because there is no relevant operation of material failure in the current ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, it is necessary to modify the K file generated in the pre-processing process when defining the blasting gap, and define the blasting gap by adding the MAT_ADD_EROSION keyword to the K file. And the time parameters are set to control the formation order of blasting notches. Through the comparison and analysis of the simulation effect and the actual blasting effect, it is found that the numerical simulation results are still very good.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U445.6

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