快速公交的经济与财务研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 09:34

本文选题：快速公交　切入点：运营补贴　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在城市交通问题日益恶化的情况下,为了缓解交通拥堵,政府采取了许多办法使出行方式向公共交通转移,其中建设和运营的大运量快速公交系统,为缓解日益严重的城市道路交通拥堵状况发挥了重要的作用。政府为了提高公共交通出行,采取了一系列的举措。通过政府给予补贴的方式支持企业采取公交低票价政策吸引乘客;为了提高公交车的运行速度,在道路上设置公交专用车道,并通过收取拥堵收费、提高停车费等,提高小汽车的出行成本；为了提高运量,快速公交线网增设支线来补给主线客流,同时也可以提高专用道的利用率。随着应用的深入凸显出许多的问题,大众质疑设立公交专用道会照成道路资源的浪费；企业为了提高主线的公交运量,无依据的增开许多条支线；公交公司运营入不敷出、严重亏损,政府进行补贴没有一定依据。基于此,论文对BRT系统的效益问题进行较为系统研究。本文以快速公交系统的效益为研究对象,首先系统梳理了国内外已有研究成果,将快速公交网线运营效益划分为直接效益和间接效益两部分。详尽的对快速公交企业的成本和收益进行系统分析,对道路设立公交专用道的经济效益做了研究,分析了国外学者的研究方法,据此得出计算公交专用道的模型,以北京京通快速路和昆明北京路前公交专用道为例。随后根据前面的理论分析和实证研究,从通道乘客运输能力的变化和通道总出行时间变化两个标准来评判设立公交专用道的条件。其次,对组合式公交线网模式详尽研究,分析了混合线路的运营优点,构建了计算新增线路边际效益的模型,以郑州快速公交一期和二期的线网为案例分析对象,还对选择快速公交运营模式的影响因素加以分析。最后通过运用经济学物品属性理论分析研究了补贴的机理和补贴的方法,建立模型并给出了案例分析。
[Abstract]:In order to ease traffic congestion, the government has taken a number of measures to shift the mode of travel to public transport in the face of worsening urban traffic problems, including the construction and operation of a mass transit rapid transit system. It plays an important role in alleviating the increasingly serious urban traffic congestion. In order to improve public transportation, the government has taken a series of measures. It has supported enterprises to adopt the policy of low bus fares to attract passengers by way of government subsidies; in order to improve the speed of bus operation, In order to increase the volume of traffic, the bus rapid transit network has added a branch line to supply the main passenger flow by charging congestion charges, increasing parking fees, and so on, to increase the travel cost of cars, and to increase the volume of traffic, the bus rapid transit network has added a branch line to supply the main line of passengers. At the same time, it can also improve the utilization rate of special lanes. With the deepening of the application, many problems have been highlighted, and the public question that the establishment of bus lanes will be a waste of road resources; in order to increase the traffic volume of the main line, There is no basis to open a lot of branch lines without any basis. The operation of public transport company can't make ends meet and the loss is serious. There is no basis for the government to subsidize. Based on this, the paper makes a systematic study on the benefit of BRT system. In this paper, the benefits of bus rapid transit system as the research object, first of all, systematically combing the existing research results at home and abroad. The operation benefit of bus rapid transit network is divided into two parts: direct benefit and indirect benefit. The cost and income of bus rapid transit enterprise are analyzed in detail, and the economic benefit of setting up bus lane is studied. Based on the analysis of the research methods of foreign scholars, the model of calculating bus lanes is obtained, taking Beijing Jingtong Expressway and Kunming Beijing Road as examples, and then according to the above theoretical analysis and empirical research, The conditions of setting up bus lanes are judged by the change of passenger transportation capacity and the change of total travel time. Secondly, the combined bus network mode is studied in detail, and the advantages of hybrid lines are analyzed. A model to calculate the marginal benefit of the new line is constructed, and a case study of the first and second phase of Zhengzhou bus Rapid Transit Network is presented. Finally, the mechanism of subsidy and the method of subsidy are analyzed by using the theory of economic property, and the model is established and the case study is given.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F572;U491.17

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