三峡库区趸船系泊仿真计算研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 23:27

本文选题：三峡库区　切入点：趸船　出处：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来，随着三峡库区175m蓄水，三峡库区航道条件逐渐改善，船舶的吨位越来越大型化，船舶航速不断提高，三峡库区航运业越来越繁荣。三峡库区的枯水期和洪水期的水位落差达30米，使得趸船的系缆或锚链长度、受力各不同，趸船系泊难度越来越大。近几年洪水期趸船码头断缆事故频发，因此岸边系泊趸船缆绳或者锚链的拉力不足。通过对重庆港的餐饮趸船码头的了解，目前缆绳直径及数量的选择是以专家的经验作参考。以建立三峡库区趸船系泊计算模型目的，致力于减少或杜绝因缆绳受力估算不够而造成的断缆或走锚事故，使趸船系泊设备的配备更加科学合理。通过采集相关航道数据并进行处理，运用采集的信息对三峡库区的干流及主要支流进行航道特征分析。通过分析趸船系泊安全控制因素，分别建立风、浪、流的计算模型。根据风压力的计算模型，仿真分析出风压力产生横向系泊力明显大于纵向系泊力。根据三峡库区的航道宽度一定，趸船系泊在航道一侧，提出波浪对趸船系泊安全的影响不可忽略，从而建立过往船舶产生船行波对趸船系泊的计算模型。运用采集数据进行仿真：波浪高度随船速的增加迅速增大，波浪系泊力的大小与波高成正比；波浪系泊力达到最大值所需要的波浪周期与系靠趸船的固有周期相关，，比趸船的固有周期稍长；而波浪系泊力最大值的大小与波浪周期大小无关，只与趸船尺寸有关。将山区河流洪水期漂浮物的影响考虑到水流力的计算模型中，对水流力的模型进行仿真分析，得出水流力产生的纵向分力远大于横向分力。通过对三峡库区中趸船码头风、浪、流荷载的研究，建立三峡库区趸船码头系泊力标准值的计算模型。采集极端天气下相关数据，进行仿真分析得出缆绳或锚链水平投影与船首夹角的边界条件，并分析出各方向上系缆的最优布置。对餐饮趸船进行仿真计算得出：风压力产生的横向分力大于浪压力产生的横向分力，水流力产生的横向分力最小；水流力产生的纵向分力最大，其次是风压力产生的纵向分力，浪压力产生的纵向分力最小。各锚链及缆绳标准值的受力大小顺序为：首开锚领水锚尾开锚首缆尾缆首横缆尾横缆尾锚。运用实例对模型进行验证，得出模型的有效性。运用各系缆的现状值与标准值进行对比，得出趸船的系泊力不足。文中的计算模型为我国内河码头建设和相关行业标准的制定提供参考，为趸船系缆的布置方案提供必要的数据及参考意见，为趸船系泊设备的配备提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the 175m water storage in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the waterway conditions in the three Gorges Reservoir area have been gradually improved, the tonnage of ships has become larger and larger, and the speed of ships has been continuously increased. The shipping industry in the three Gorges Reservoir area is becoming more and more prosperous. The water level drop in the three Gorges Reservoir area is up to 30 meters during the dry and flood periods, which makes the length of the mooring cables or anchor chains of the barges different from each other. The mooring of barges is becoming more and more difficult. In recent years, the barge wharf has suffered frequent cable breakage accidents, so the tension of mooring barges or anchor chains on the shore is insufficient. Through the understanding of the catering barge wharf in Chongqing Port, At present, the selection of cable diameter and quantity is based on the experience of experts. In order to establish the mooring calculation model of barges in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the purpose of this paper is to reduce or eliminate the cable breakage or anchor accidents caused by insufficient estimation of cable force. The equipment of barge mooring equipment is more scientific and reasonable. By collecting and processing the relevant waterway data and using the collected information to analyze the channel characteristics of the main stream and its main tributaries in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the wind and waves are established by analyzing the factors controlling the mooring safety of the barges. According to the calculation model of wind pressure, the transverse mooring force produced by wind pressure is obviously larger than that of longitudinal mooring force. According to the fixed channel width of the three Gorges Reservoir area, the barge mooring is on one side of the channel. The influence of wave on mooring safety of barges can not be ignored, and the calculation model of mooring of barges produced by passing ships is set up. Using the collected data, the wave height increases rapidly with the increase of ship speed. The wave mooring force is proportional to the wave Gao Cheng, the wave period needed to reach the maximum wave mooring force is related to the inherent period of the barge, which is a little longer than that of the barge. However, the maximum value of wave mooring force is independent of the wave period and is only related to the size of barge. Considering the effect of floating matter in the flood period of mountain rivers, the model of current force is simulated and analyzed. It is concluded that the longitudinal component force generated by the flow force is much larger than the transverse component force. Based on the study of wind, wave and current load of barge wharf in the three Gorges Reservoir area, the calculation model of mooring force standard value of barge wharf in the three Gorges Reservoir area is established. The boundary conditions of the angle between the horizontal projection of cable or anchor chain and the bow of the ship are obtained by simulation analysis. The optimal arrangement of mooring cable in each direction is analyzed. The simulation calculation of catering barge shows that the transverse component force generated by wind pressure is larger than that by wave pressure, and the transverse component force produced by water force is the least. The longitudinal component produced by the flow force is the largest, followed by the longitudinal component produced by the wind pressure. The longitudinal component force produced by wave pressure is the smallest. The order of the standard values of anchoring chain and cable is as follows: the first open anchor, the open anchor, the tail anchor, the first cable, the tail cable, the transverse cable and the tail anchor. An example is used to verify the model. The effectiveness of the model is obtained. By comparing the current and standard values of mooring cables, the mooring force of barges is found to be insufficient. The calculation model in this paper provides a reference for the construction of inland river wharves in China and the formulation of relevant industry standards, provides necessary data and reference opinions for the arrangement of mooring cables of barges, and provides a theoretical basis for the allocation of mooring equipment for barges.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U653.2

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