基于突发客流条件下大城市公共交通换乘问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 12:04

本文选题：大型活动　切入点：突发客流　出处：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济迅速发展，人们对于物质、文化的需求越来越高。近年来，全国许多大城市频繁举办大型文体活动，虽然大型文体活动能够满足人们的物质文化需要，促进城市的发展，但是所产生的突发客流严重影响了大城市的交通畅通。目前，我国的一些大城市已经有了应对突发客流的措施与经验，许多学者也提出了各种优化方法，这些措施与方法多是从宏观的角度考虑如何对突发客流整体上进行有效的疏散，缓解突发客流期间的交通拥堵，缺乏对乘客所关注的公共交通换乘效率及换乘服务水平的提升进行研究，突发客流条件下的公共交通换乘难、换乘效率低下的现象仍然普遍存在。要解决目前突发客流条件下存在的公共交通换乘问题，提升大城市公共交通换乘服务水平，需要以特定的突发客流范围进行系统地研究。本文研究了突发客流的影响传播特性，采用气体扩散理论中的烟羽模型所求得的最大影响距离来确定突发客流影响范围。以大型活动场馆周边的主要路段交叉点作为节点划分交通小区，并假设突发客流从主节点处向外节点均匀扩散，提出了诱增公共交通量预测方法。研究了有效公共交通出行路径的具体方法以及多路径选择分配法、全有全无法、k短路径分配法等诱增公共交通客流量分配方法。以平均换乘距离、人均换乘面积、换乘舒适度、平均换乘时间、公交运能度、区间平均车速为指标建立常规公交换乘评价指标体系；以换乘设施面积、附近公交运能度、平均换乘距离、平均换乘时间、换乘客流量为指标建立地铁站换乘效率评价指标体系。本文最后以成都市体育中心举办体育赛事为例，调查主要路段及公共交通线路，根据突发客流影响范围来划分小区，，采用全有全无法通过计算机编程对突发客流进行分配；根据客流分配结果提出换乘优化建议，并采用模糊数学理论、数据包络分析理论分别对优化后的常规公交站点及地铁站点的换乘效率进行评价，根据评价分析结果从交通管理与乘客出行的角度分别提出了改善意见与应对措施。研究结果表明，优化后的地铁站点换乘效率较好，而平均换乘时间这一指标对常规公交换乘效率影响较大，实例分析中的常规公共交通站点的换乘效率在优化后属于中等水平，能够满足突发客流期间的换乘需求，并且乘客的平均换乘时间相对于未优化之前较好，说明本文的换乘优化方法有一定的实用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development of our country, people's demand for material and cultural is increasing. In recent years, many large cities in the country frequently hold large-scale sports and sports activities, although large-scale sports and cultural activities can meet the material and cultural needs of people. Promote the development of the city, but the sudden passenger flow has seriously affected the traffic of the big city. At present, some big cities in our country already have the measure and experience to deal with the sudden passenger flow, many scholars have also put forward various optimization methods. Most of these measures and methods are to consider from a macro perspective how to effectively evacuate the sudden passenger flow as a whole, so as to alleviate the traffic congestion during the sudden passenger flow. Lack of research on the public transport transfer efficiency and the improvement of transfer service level, public transport transfer is difficult under the condition of sudden passenger flow, and the phenomenon of low transfer efficiency is still widespread. In order to solve the problem of public transport transfer under the condition of sudden passenger flow at present, and to upgrade the level of public transport transfer service in big cities, In this paper, the influence and propagation characteristics of sudden passenger flow are studied. The maximum influence distance of smoke plume model in gas diffusion theory is used to determine the impact range of sudden passenger flow. Based on the assumption that the sudden passenger flow diffuses uniformly from the main node to the outer node, this paper puts forward a method to predict the volume of induced public traffic, and studies the specific method of effective public transportation route and the method of multi-path selection and allocation. There are all kinds of methods to increase the passenger flow of public transportation, such as the method of short path distribution, etc. The average transfer distance, the per capita transfer area, the comfort of transfer, the average transfer time, the degree of public transport capacity, etc., The evaluation index system of conventional bus transfer is established with the average speed of interval as the index, the area of transfer facilities, the transportation capacity of nearby public transportation, the average transfer distance, the average transfer time, This paper takes Chengdu Sports Center as an example to investigate the main sections and public transport lines, and divides the district according to the impact range of sudden passenger flow. According to the result of passenger flow distribution, the suggestion of transfer optimization is put forward, and the theory of fuzzy mathematics is adopted. The theory of data envelopment analysis evaluates the transfer efficiency of the optimized bus stations and subway stations respectively. According to the results of the evaluation and analysis, the improvement suggestions and countermeasures are put forward from the point of view of traffic management and passenger travel. The results show that the transfer efficiency of the optimized subway station is better, and the average transfer time has a great influence on the transfer efficiency of conventional public transportation. The transfer efficiency of the conventional public transport stations in the case study is of medium level after optimization, which can meet the transfer demand during the sudden passenger flow, and the average transfer time of the passengers is better than that before the optimization. It shows that the optimization method of transfer is practical.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.17

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