阻燃沥青的制备及其混合料性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 09:40

本文选题：道路工程　切入点：阻燃剂　出处：《兰州交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着沥青路面在公路隧道工程建设中大量使用，而沥青由于其易燃性也正越来越多的引起各国专家重视。因此，为了解决沥青的易燃性问题，本文通过查阅、浏览大量文献资料，制备出一种新型无机复合阻燃剂，并研究了阻燃剂的添加对沥青性能影响和对其混合料的阻燃性能与路用性能的影响。本文首先将氢氧化镁、三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵和钛酸酯四种原料按照三水平四因素初步设计正交试验表L9（34），制备出九组不同配方的阻燃剂中间体（MAM），并用钛酸酯用量占中间体MAM质量的3%到7%，设定钛酸酯的5个不同用量，分别对中间体（MAM）表面改性得到MAM-Ti，然后对MAM-Ti进行吸油率、活化指数性能检测，确定出50~200目范围的钛酸酯最佳用量为6%左右。其次，根据九组原料配方制备了九组不同配方的阻燃剂MAM-Ti，并将制备出的MAM-Ti按照沥青用量的4%、6%、8%、10%加入沥青中，用高速剪切机剪切半小时左右制备出36组阻燃沥青，对36组阻燃沥青进行沥青性能常规试验及极限氧指数试验。并任意选取一定掺量的阻燃沥青试验结果（本文选取6%掺量），结合考虑其吸油率及活化指实验值，利用多指标正交试验设计分析法对其进行综合评分研究，并从九组不同配方中选出最优阻燃剂配方3#试验；根据36组阻燃沥青试验结果，利用图形分析法得出阻燃剂最佳掺量为5%。再次，采用热拌沥青混合料成型法设计混合料配合比，利用矿料分形分布特征进行配合比验证，并对阻燃剂用量占沥青质量的0%、4%、6%、8%、10%的几个掺量，按照阻燃剂内加法和外加法两种方法成型马歇尔试件，分别测定试件的毛体积密度、流值、稳定度、空隙率、矿料间隙率、饱和度等指标，根据试验结果及图形分析得出在阻燃剂掺量从0%到10%的变化过程中，阻燃剂的最佳添加方式为外加法。然后通过采用比较法，对普通沥青混合料、市面上大量销售的某厂家出产的阻燃剂A和自主研发的阻燃剂MAM-Ti三种混合料的路用性能进行了研究，由结果可知，三种混合料的高温性能、低温性能、水稳性能均满足规范要求，，但MAM-Ti水稳性能表现略低。最后对三种混合料，应用比较法从混合料试件的燃烧时间、质量损失、表面温度、残留稳定度、燃烧前后动稳定度变化几个方面研究了其燃烧性能，从试验结果可知，阻燃沥青混合料阻燃性能高于普通沥青混合料，且MAM-Ti阻燃沥青混合料阻燃性能优于A阻燃沥青混合料。最后，根据对阻燃剂研制过程中的技术特点和市场调查，通过比较分析得出本文研制的MAM-Ti阻燃剂具有重要的现实意义，可以考虑在隧道路面铺装中使用。
[Abstract]:With the extensive use of asphalt pavement in highway tunnel construction, more and more experts from all over the world pay attention to asphalt because of its flammability. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of flammability of asphalt, this paper makes reference to it. A new inorganic composite flame retardant was prepared by reviewing a large amount of literature, and the effects of the addition of flame retardant on the asphalt performance, the flame retardancy and the road performance of the mixture were studied. In this paper, magnesium hydroxide, melamine, Four kinds of raw materials, ammonium polyphosphate and titanate, were preliminarily designed according to the three water and four factors orthogonal test table L9N 34. Nine groups of flame retardant intermediates were prepared. The amount of titanate accounted for 3% to 7% of the mass of the intermediate MAM, and the titanate was set up. Of 5 different doses, The surface modification of the intermediate (MAM) was carried out to obtain MAM-Ti.The oil absorption rate and activation index of MAM-Ti were measured, and the optimum amount of titanate was determined to be about 6% in the range of 50 ~ 200mesh. Secondly, according to nine groups of raw material formulations, nine groups of flame retardant MAM-TiM were prepared, and 36 groups of flame retardant asphalts were prepared by using high-speed shearing machine for about half an hour. In this paper, 36 groups of flame retardant asphalt were tested by conventional asphalt performance test and limit oxygen index test, and the test results of flame retardant asphalt with a certain amount of flame retardant asphalt were randomly selected. (in this paper, the oil absorption rate and activation index of flame retardant asphalt were taken into account by taking into account the oil absorption rate and activation index test value. The comprehensive score was studied by the method of multi-index orthogonal design, and the optimum flame retardant formula was selected from nine groups of different formulations, and according to the test results of 36 groups of flame-retardant asphalt, the optimum flame retardant formulation was selected from nine groups of different formulations. The optimum content of flame retardant was obtained by graphic analysis method. Thirdly, the mixture ratio is designed by the hot mix asphalt mixture molding method, the mix ratio is verified by the fractal distribution characteristics of the mineral aggregate, and the quantity of the flame retardant used to account for the quantity of the asphalt is 0 / 4 / 10%. Marshall specimen was formed by internal addition and addition of flame retardant. The bulk density, flow value, stability, void ratio, mineral clearance rate and saturation were measured, respectively. According to the test results and graphic analysis, it is concluded that the best addition method of flame retardant is the addition method in the course of the change of flame retardant content from 0% to 10%. The road performance of three kinds of mixtures, flame retardant A and independently developed flame retardant MAM-Ti, which are widely sold in a certain factory on the market, have been studied. From the results, we can see that the high temperature performance and low temperature performance of the three kinds of mixtures, The water stability performance of MAM-Ti is slightly lower than that of the standard. Finally, the combustion time, mass loss, surface temperature, residual stability of the three mixtures are analyzed by comparing the three kinds of mixtures, including the combustion time, the mass loss, the surface temperature, the residual stability, and so on. According to the experimental results, the flame retardancy of flame retardant asphalt mixture is higher than that of ordinary asphalt mixture, and the flame retardant property of MAM-Ti flame retardant asphalt mixture is better than that of A flame retardant asphalt mixture. Finally, according to the technical characteristics and market investigation in the process of developing flame retardant, it is concluded that the MAM-Ti flame retardant developed in this paper has important practical significance and can be used in tunnel pavement pavement.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U414

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