基于CFD的道路除冰车蒸汽射流装置分析与优化

发布时间：2018-03-20 20:28

本文选题：道路除冰　切入点：蒸汽射流　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冬季寒冷地区的降雪、冻雨天气时有发生，道路表层形成积雪、结冰后，其表面附着力将显著降低，极易引发交通事故。及时、有效的去除道路表面冰雪成为保障道路交通安全的关键。传统的化学融冰法由于较严重的环境污染问题，已逐步被限制使用；而机械除冰法无法有效应对较薄的道路冰雪。蒸汽射流除冰技术，是一种环保、清洁的除冰技术，研究这种技术具备良好的经济效益和社会意义。论文阐述了基于蒸汽射流技术的道路除冰车工作原理及结构组成；对复杂的蒸汽射流除冰过程进行理论分析，通过热力学计算，得出一定除冰作业条件下的能源消耗，明确指出蒸汽射流除冰技术对于道路薄冰（厚度10mm以下）作业的可行性。理论计算表明：降低冰雪厚度、优化蒸汽射流装置、减少热量耗散，是提升蒸汽射流除冰效率、降低能源消耗的关键。喷嘴是蒸汽射流装置的关键部件，基于CFD，，采用FLUENT仿真分析软件，确定了较优的单喷嘴形状及关键性能参数（圆锥包角15°和长径比1）。针对多喷嘴的布置，采用正交优化法，分析多因素及其交互作用对除冰效率的影响，并确定了较优的因素水平（喷嘴入口直径2mm，作业高度15mm等）。针对实际作业工况下的蒸汽射流特性，重点分析吸水、路拱坡度等对蒸汽射流除冰效率的影响，通过合理优化蒸汽射流装置（调整喷嘴、吸水装置、挡板等布置），有效优化了其温度场和速度场，达到了高效除冰和实时吸水的要求。
[Abstract]:Snow falls in cold areas in winter, and freezing and rain weather occurs from time to time. Snow is formed on the surface of roads. After freezing, its surface adhesion will be significantly reduced, which will easily lead to traffic accidents. The effective removal of ice and snow on the road surface is the key to ensure road traffic safety. The traditional chemical ice melting method has been gradually restricted because of serious environmental pollution. But the mechanical deicing method can not effectively deal with the thin road ice and snow. The steam jet deicing technology is a kind of environmental protection and clean deicing technology. The research of this technology has good economic benefit and social significance. This paper expounds the working principle and structure of road deicing vehicle based on steam jet technology, analyzes the complicated deicing process of steam jet, and obtains the energy consumption under certain deicing conditions by thermodynamic calculation. The feasibility of steam jet deicing technology for road ice (less than 10mm thickness) is pointed out. The theoretical calculation shows that reducing ice and snow thickness, optimizing steam jet device and reducing heat dissipation can improve the deicing efficiency of steam jet. The key to reducing energy consumption. Nozzle is the key component of steam jet device. Based on CFDs and FLUENT software, the optimum single nozzle shape and key performance parameters (cone angle 15 掳and aspect ratio 1) are determined. The orthogonal optimization method is used for the arrangement of multiple nozzles. The effects of multi-factors and their interaction on deicing efficiency were analyzed, and the optimum factor levels (nozzle inlet diameter 2mm, operation height 15mm, etc.) were determined. In view of the characteristics of steam jet under actual working conditions, the influence of water absorption and slope of road arch on the deicing efficiency of steam jet is analyzed, and the reasonable optimization of steam jet device (adjusting nozzle, water absorbing device, etc.). The temperature field and velocity field of the baffle are optimized effectively, which meet the requirements of high efficiency deicing and real time water absorption.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U418.326

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