航标遥测遥控终端的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-21 01:21

本文选题：遥测遥控　切入点：航标　出处：《武汉理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：内河水运在当今交通运输中的角色不再如往日般重要，随着整个运输行业负担的加重，振兴水道航运刻不容缓。我国“十二五”发展计划提出建立信息数字化、反应快速化的航标系统，对长江干线的航标建设投资达到5.13亿元。面对国内的巨大市场，各相关企业着力研发具有自主知识产权的航标系统，本论文亦来源于此课题。国外发达国家的航标遥测遥控终端已有多年发展历史，AIS、GSM/GPRS等无线通信技术已经成熟的运用于航标系统。美国航标当前专注于功能细化，为实际复杂的航道设计定制航标；日本为本国船只强制安装AIS系统，并搭建了范围广、信号强的AIS网络。国内航标技术于近十年迅速发展，相关企业有福州闽邮吉星、上海炜实航标、背景南航天等航标研发公司，其中以福州闽邮吉星公司的技术水平最为成熟。本文着重于航标终端的硬件实现，解决了如下关键问题：（1）为适应蓄电池宽电压输入，搭建了电源切换和高效率的电源转换电路；（2）搭建太阳能充电电路，并通过最大功率点跟踪算法实现高效率充电；（3）设计485串口切换模块，使MCU能控制多路485串口的选通；（4）通过改进灯质采集算法提高了采集容错率，，解决在实际应用中遇到的因电磁干扰导致无法采集到正确灯质的问题；本次航标遥测遥控终端设计难点在于根据设计需求完成对宽电源电压输入的转换，对航标蓄电池太阳能充电系统的设计，对AIS和GSM/GPRS等模块的实现，同时为了节省成本，将全步使用分立元件搭建电路。设计还实现了红外通信模块、天线制作、485串口切换模块，并在本文附录展示了航标终端的数字电源板、遥测遥控板、数据采集板的PCB。通过对各模块的设计制作和关键软件算法的改进，成功实现并制作出了航标遥测遥控终端,即数字电源板、遥测遥控板、AIS发射板、数据采集板。航标终端终端成功通过了功能性能、环境适应性、电磁兼容性测试。经过实地安装和测试，该系统稳定可靠，蓄电池和航标灯的电流采集精度达到0.1A，电压采集精度达到0.1V,AIS发射成功率高达85%，整机功耗低于0.8W，不仅能够完美的实现所有设计需求的功能，还能适应各地复杂的地质和气象条件，圆满达到设计目的。
[Abstract]:The role of inland waterway transportation in transportation is no longer as important as it used to be. With the increasing burden of the whole transportation industry, it is urgent to revitalize waterway shipping. With the rapid development of the navigation aids system, the investment in the construction of the navigation aids in the Yangtze River trunk reaches 513 million yuan. In the face of the huge domestic market, the related enterprises focus on the research and development of the navigation aids system with their own intellectual property rights. This paper also comes from this subject. The wireless communication technology such as AIS-GSM / GPRS in developed countries has been developed for many years and has been used in the navigation aids system. The American navigation aids focus on the refinement of the functions and the design of customized navigation aids for the actual complex waterways. Japan has forcibly installed AIS system for its own ships, and has built a wide range and strong signal AIS network. The technology of domestic navigation aids has developed rapidly in the past ten years. The related enterprises include Fuzhou Minyou lucky star, Shanghai Wei Shi navigation mark, Background South Aerospace and other navigation aids research and development companies, among them Fuzhou Minyou Jixing company's technical level is the most mature. This paper focuses on the hardware implementation of navigation aids terminal, and solves the following key problems:. In order to adapt to the wide voltage input of battery, a power switching and high efficiency power conversion circuit is built. (2) the solar charging circuit is built, and the high efficiency charging is realized by the maximum power point tracking algorithm. (3) Design the switch module of 485 serial port so that MCU can control the gate of 485 serial port. 4) the fault tolerance rate of acquisition is improved by improving the algorithm of lamp quality acquisition, and the problem that the correct lamp quality can not be collected due to electromagnetic interference in practical application is solved. The difficulties in the design of this terminal are to complete the conversion of wide power supply voltage input according to the design requirements, to design the solar charging system of the navigation mark battery, to realize the modules such as AIS and GSM/GPRS, and to save the cost at the same time, The whole circuit is built with discrete components, and the infrared communication module and antenna switch module are implemented. The digital power supply board, remote control board and PCB of data acquisition board are shown in the appendix of this paper. Through the design and manufacture of each module and the improvement of the key software algorithm, the terminal of telemetry and remote control of navigation mark, namely digital power supply board, remote control board and AIS emitter board, has been successfully realized and made. Data acquisition board. The terminal has successfully passed the functional performance, environmental adaptability, electromagnetic compatibility test. After field installation and testing, the system is stable and reliable. The current acquisition accuracy of battery and navigation mark lamp reaches 0.1A, and the voltage acquisition precision reaches 0.1 V AIS emission success rate up to 85%, and the power consumption of the whole machine is less than 0.8 W, which can not only achieve the function of all the design requirements perfectly, but also adapt to the complicated geological and meteorological conditions in various places. Achieve the design goal satisfactorily.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U644.87

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