桥梁受船舶撞击分析

发布时间：2018-03-21 06:36

本文选题：船桥碰撞　切入点：碰撞力　出处：《重庆交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济建设的快速发展，使得交通运输业的发展越来越快，伴随而至的是越来越多跨越江河的桥梁。从而导致了越来越多的船舶撞击桥梁的重大事故。然而，目前各国关于船桥碰撞方面的规范公式，都是根据经验提出的，有很多的局限性。随着计算机软件的快速发展，非线性有限元理论在解决船桥碰撞问题中发挥了明显的优势。基于此背景，本文在非线性有限元理论的基础上，对船桥碰撞问题进行了研究，主要工作如下： ①对现有的船桥碰撞的相关理论进行了归纳总结，并且分析了它们各自的特点。列出了目前世界各国关于碰撞力的规范以及一些经验公式，可以看出我国规范的相关条款，考虑的因素过于简单。 ②介绍了本文研究用到的分线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA，并且重点研究了非线性有限元理论中的相关知识，包括：非线性有限元的控制方程，有限元计算中的沙漏控制，显式时间积分以及接触与碰撞。 ③应用非线性有限元理论对3组船舶分别以3种速度撞击桥墩进行仿真计算，计算时对接触问题采用对称罚函数法、对周围流体的作用采用附加质量法。求出了每种工况下的最大碰撞力，并且与现有各国规范及经验公式的计算结果作了对比，得出我国现有规范计算结果太小的结论，这对桥梁结构的安全是不利的，，应加已修正。 ④对数值仿真计算得到的9组数据，应用Matlab软件进行数据拟合，推导出船桥碰撞力的简化求解公式。 ⑤应用最小二乘法，对我国的公路桥涵设计通用规范关于碰撞力的公式，提出了一个修正系数，得到了修正后的计算公式。 ⑥对现有的船桥碰撞的防护措施及防护装置进行了归纳总结，比较了现有防护措施及防护装置的特点，探讨了今后船桥防撞的发展方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic construction in China, the development of transportation industry is getting faster and faster, and with it more and more bridges across rivers, which leads to more and more serious accidents when ships collide with bridges. At present, the standard formulas of ship-bridge collision in various countries are based on experience and have many limitations. With the rapid development of computer software, The nonlinear finite element theory has played an obvious advantage in solving the ship bridge collision problem. Based on this background, this paper studies the ship bridge collision problem based on the nonlinear finite element theory, the main work is as follows:. The main contents are as follows: 1. The existing theories of ship-bridge collision are summarized, and their respective characteristics are analyzed. The codes of collision force and some empirical formulas of countries in the world are listed. The considerations are too simple. 2. This paper introduces the fractional linear finite element software ANSYS- LS-DYNA. and focuses on the relevant knowledge of nonlinear finite element theory, including: nonlinear finite element control equation, hourglass control in finite element calculation. Explicit time integral and contact and collision. (3) the nonlinear finite element theory is used to simulate the impact of three groups of ships on the piers with three different velocities, and the symmetric penalty function method is used to calculate the contact problem. The additional mass method is used to calculate the maximum impact force under each working condition, and the results are compared with the results of the existing codes and empirical formulas. It is concluded that the calculation results of the existing codes are too small in our country. This is unfavorable to the safety of bridge structure and should be amended. 4. Nine groups of data obtained by numerical simulation are fitted with Matlab software, and a simplified formula for solving collision force of ship and bridge is derived. By using the least square method, a modified coefficient is proposed for the formula of collision force in the general code for highway bridge and culvert design in China, and the modified formula is obtained. 6. The existing protective measures and protective devices for collision of ships and bridges are summarized and summarized, the characteristics of existing protective measures and protective devices are compared, and the development trend of collision prevention of ships and bridges in the future is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U441

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